同型的

Thorndike's dissertation provided a vigorous critique of anecdote, introspection and anthropomorphism, and employed a set of new methods for studying behavior systematically and quantitatively under controlled conditions.

桑代克的论文有力地批判了轶事法、内省法和人神同型同性论，同时引进了一系列新的方法用于在特定条件下的系统的数量化的学习行为。

One embryonic cell can be separated into many blastomere cells. As be the nuclear donor of the embryonic cell nuclear transfer, it can breed the number of eminent species largely, increase the number of endangered animals, supply large number of supply same genotype animals, improve the efficiency of gene transfer and sex control and offer same genotype apparatus or organ for human transplant.

一个早期胚胎细胞可以分离多个卵裂球，以此作为核供体进行胚胎细胞核移植，可以大量扩繁优良品种的数量，增加濒危动物的数量，为科学研究提供大量遗传同质的动物，提高转基因和性别控制技术的效率，提供基因型相同的器官或组织供人类移植。

Results as bellows: AtSIRT1 was located in Mitochondrial as hSIRT4 of human, and maybe take part in respiration and electron transformation chain, AtSIRT2 was located in nucleolus as hSIRT6 of human, maybe play important role in extend lifespan;mutation in AtSIRT1 leaded to cotyledon of plant turn to yellow and caused short life span. Mutation in AtSIRT2 could make the color of leaf turn to purple and accumulate a lot of anthocyanin;Sirtinol, a inhibitor of SIRT which did not cause the same model of the mutation of AtSIRT1 and AtSIRT2 indicated that the mechanism of Sirtinol was different from other organism;the structure of AtSIRT1 and AtSIRT2 were similar to other known Sir2, which indicated that they maybe have the same function;AtSIRT2 was overexpressed and its activity was detected.

结果表明，1，拟南芥AtSIRT1与人的同源蛋白hSIRT4相同，定位于线粒体，可能参与呼吸作用和电子传递，SIRT2与人的同源蛋白hSIRT6相同，定位于细胞核，可能同它的功能类似，在延缓衰老及调节细胞寿命方面起作用。2，AtSIRT1突变，可引起幼苗和植株的子叶变黄和早衰；AtSIRT2突变，可引起叶片发紫，沉积大量花青素。3，SIRT蛋白的抑制剂Sirtinol不能表型模写AtSIRT1和AtSIRT2突变体，说明Sirtinol在拟南芥中的作用机制不同于其他生物。4，AtSIRT1和AtSIRT2蛋白质结构预测表明与已知的Sir2蛋白相似，揭示其功能的相似性。5，在大肠杆菌中过量表达了其中一个基因(AtSIRT2)，可体外检测其酶学活性，进一步证明其功能。

The definitions of generalized directional derivative and generalized gradient of Lipschitz functions defined on Riemannian manifold are presented. Some properties of the directional derivative and gradient are proved by using tangent and cotangent mapping. The minimization necessary condition of nonsmooth Lipschitz functions is given. Moreover, Fritz John necessary optimality condition in mathematical programming is provided on Riemannian manifold.

在黎曼流形上给出了Lipschitz函数的广义方向导数和广义梯度的概念，利用黎曼流形局部上与欧氏空间开集微分同胚的性质以及切映射和余切映射导出了广义梯度的性质和运算法则，证明了定义在黎曼流形上的函数取得极小值的必要条件是广义梯度包含零元素，并利用这些性质给出了黎曼流形上数学规划问题的Fritz John型最优性条件。

Abstract］ objective to identify the relationship between serum homocysteine and carotid artery atherosclerosis in patients with cerebral infarction and effects of foliate,methylcobalamin.methods the concentrations of hcy were determined by means of fluorescence polarization immunoassay and carotid arteries was examined with color doppler ultrasound in 165 patients with cerebral infarction.the subjects were divided into 4 groups according to the severity of lesion of carotid artery.the concentrations of hcy were compared in different groups.the patients with hyperhomocysteinemia received foliate and methylcobalamin.results when lesion of carotid artery became severer,serum hcy was higher.the intima medial thicknesses of carotid artery were significantly decreased in patients with hyperhomocysteinemia who received foliate and methylcobalamin for two years.conclusion hyperhomocysteinemia may play an important role in development of carotid artery atherosclerosis.the intervention of foliate and methylcobalamin may reduce carotid artery atherosclerosis.

摘要］ 目的探讨脑梗死患者颈动脉病变与血清同型半胱氨酸水平的关系及叶酸、甲钴胺长期干预对其影响。方法对165例急性脑梗死患者进行血清hcy的测定及颈动脉超声检查，并按动脉硬化的程度分组，比较不同程度颈动脉粥样硬化患者hcy水平，部分高hcy血症患者给予叶酸、甲钴胺干预，随访2年。结果随着颈动脉病变程度的加重，血清hcy浓度呈上升趋势，高hcy血症干预者动脉内中膜厚度明显减小。结论高hcy血症对颈动脉粥样硬化的形成起重要作用，长期给予叶酸、甲钴胺干预可能减轻颈动脉粥样硬化。

Of unmixed blood or ancestry.(10) Genetics Produced by self-fertilization or continual inbreeding; homozygous

近亲繁殖的，同族交配的：由自体受精或持续的近亲交配而产生的；同型结合的

On the convergence of Newton's method in Banach space〓 Let F be an operator mapping from a real or complex Banach space X to another one Y, the Newton iteration 〓(2) is used to find the approximative solution of the equation (1), where the derivative is meant in the Frechet sense.

一、Banach空间中Newton法的收敛性〓设F是由实的或复的Banach空间X到同型空间Y的算子，求解方程(1)的Newton迭代为〓，0，1…，(2)其中的导数指的是在Frechet意义下的。

In order to distinguish them better, the method of RAPD was used at the same time to study 11 species of Cerambycidae, which belong to 7 genera, 2 subfamilies. By the experiment of filtration on 33 kinds of arbitrary primers, 6 arbitrary primers ( S4, S8, S22, S24, SI05 and S823 ) have been filtrated out, which can make the belts of electrophoresis to be revealed on DNA sample of majority longicorns in PCR reactions.

通过RAPD技术和酯酶同工酶电泳技术的研究，进一步证明了这两种天牛应归属为同一种的结论是正确的，并正式对光肩星天牛这个种下是否存在三个型的问题给出了肯定的答复。

Researchers found several factors predicted memory and disability problems after stroke: increased age, non-Caucasian race, recurrent stroke, diabetes, stroke in the left hemisphere of the brain, higher levels of homocysteine and lower levels of high-density lipoproteins, otherwise known as "good" cholesterol.

研究人员发现，多种因素预测，记忆和伤残问题，中风后：增加的年龄，非白人种族，经常性中风，糖尿病，中风，在左侧半球的大脑，更高水平的同型半胱氨酸与较低水平的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇，否则，被称为&好&胆固醇。

"Because of the powerful genetic effects on incubation periods in laboratory animals, vCJD patients identified could represent a distinct genetic subpopulation with unusually short incubation periods for BSE prions, with vCJD so far occurring predominantly in those individuals with short incubation time alleles at these multiple genetic loci, in addition to having the homozygous PRNP genotype of codon 129 methionine," they write.

因为动物实验表现出基因对潜伏期的强力影响，鉴定vCJD病患表现出清楚的基因次族群和BSE传染性蛋白质的不寻常短潜伏期；vCJD病患目前显著地发生在短潜伏期对偶基因者，密码子129蛋氨酸的PRNP 基因是同型合子。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。