同向

During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

Minister Plenipotentiary , usually referred to as Minister , is head of state Head of State sent to the host countries the second highest level of diplomatic representation, level after the ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary , but the real status, duties, and enjoyed diplomatic privileges and immunities with the Ambassador the same ...

特命全权公使，通常简称公使，是一国元首向驻在国元首派遣的等级第二高的外交代表，级别仅次于特命全权大使，但实质地位、职务以及所享受的外交特权与豁免同大使相同。。。。

Then there was the intoxicating effect of the honours paid to the French Emperor in Dresden, and the negotiations too of the diplomatists, who were supposed by contemporaries to be guided by a genuine desire to secure peace, though they only inflamed the amour-propre of both sides; and millions upon millions of other causes, chiming in with the fated event and coincident with it.

而按各种原因偶合的法则，千百个细小原因与这次事件合在一起导致了这次进军和战争：对不遵从大陆体系的指责，奥尔登堡公爵，向普鲁士进军仅为通过进军达到和平，法国皇帝对战争的癖好和习惯正好与他的人民的愿望一致，以及他对准备工作宏大场面的迷恋，用于准备工作的开支，要求获取抵偿这些开支的利益、他在德累斯顿的令人陶醉的荣誉；当代人认为是诚心求和却只伤了双方自尊心的外交谈判，以及与现有事件相呼应，并同事件巧合的数以千万计的原因。

With the method of HRP retrograde tracing, some labeled cells were observed in the LA and the basal amygdaloid nucleus after horseradish peroxidate injection into A-Ⅰ. Most of these labeled cells were separately distributed in these nucleuses.

六HRP逆行追踪实验表明，在AⅠ区电泳HRP可在同侧LA和杏仁基底核内观察到逆行标记神经元，从而证实在大鼠上杏仁体向听区皮层的直接神经投射的存在。

Zhang Jianfu [40] , fixed gimmick is held in the palm to rectify after using plaster stone answer when fracture, antebrachium is outer layer squash bone of the side outside making is coriaceous embed insert, factitious ground makes far fold end to spend evaginate gently in order to prevent the happening of ancon varus, antebrachium a bit outward turning the to fracture inside extrusion when overcoming antebrachium gravity to be down surely together, yike puts an end to the happening of the ancon varus because of gravitational element be caused by.

张建福等[40]，采用石膏后托固定手法整复骨折时，前臂在外层位的挤压使外侧骨皮质嵌插，人为地使远折端轻度外翻以预防肘内翻的发生，前臂稍外旋位的同定克服了前臂重力向下时对骨折内侧的压挤，亦可杜绝因重力因素所致的肘内翻的发生。

The displacement pick-up was put into C3/4 intervertebral space and axis pressure (0～160N) homolateral-bending (0～1.5Nm), oppositeside-bending (0～1.5Nm), back-extending (0～1.5Nm) and anteflexion (0～1.5Nm) were respectively loaded. After having measured the morphological changes of C3/4 intervertebral foramena in C5/6 intergrity group, discectomy group and replaced group, the changes in different groups were compared.

将位移传感器置入C3/4椎间孔内，在颈椎标本上施加轴向（0～160N）、同侧弯（0～1.5Nm）、对侧弯（0～1.5Nm）、后伸（0～1.5Nm）、前屈（0～1.5Nm）分级载荷，分别测量C5/6椎间盘完整组、C5/6椎间盘髓核摘除组和C5/6人工颈椎间盘置换组，C3/4椎间孔高度、宽度和ROV。

The displacement pick-up was put into C3/4 intervertebral space and axis pressure (0～160N) homolateral-bending (0～1.5Nm), oppositeside-bending (0～1.5Nm), back-extending (0～1.5Nm) and anteflexion (0～1.5Nm) were respectively loaded.

将位移传感器置入C3/4椎间孔内，在颈椎标本上施加轴向（0～160N）、同侧弯（0～1.5Nm）、对侧弯（0～1.5Nm）、后伸（0～1.5Nm）、前屈（0～1.5Nm）分级载荷，分别测量C5/6椎间盘完整组、C5/6椎间盘髓核摘除组和C5/6人工颈椎间盘置换组，C3/4椎间孔高度、宽度和ROV。

On the occasion of the New Year, may my wife and I extend to you and yours our warmest greetings, wishing you a happy New Year, your areer greater success and your family happiness.

在此新年之际，我同夫人向你及你的家人致以节日的问候，并祝你们新年快乐、事业有成、家庭幸福。

On the occasion of the New Year, may my wife and I extend to you and yours our warmest etings, wishing you a happy New Year,your areer ater success and your family happiness.

在新年之际，我同夫人向你及你的家人致以节日的问候，并祝你们新年快乐、事业有成、家庭幸福。

Key words: Winter wheat; Nitrogen fertilizer; Translocation of assimilative matter and N amount

因此通过改变遗传因素和氮肥施用量可促进冬小麦花前同化物和氮素向籽粒的转移。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。