同体的

During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

Autotrophic mutants were prepared from six different stocks of the homoictic group.

自养突变体是从同株同核融合类群的6个不同的原种菌系制备的。

The thesis adopts phantom tests with ROC (Receiver operating characteristic) curve analysis to compare cross correlation analysis method with coherence analysis method on Bruker MedSpec 3T system and according to the advantage of coherence analysis method to analysis conventional fMRI and resting-state fMRI.

论文中先采用仿体测试搭配ROC(Receiver operating characteristic)曲线分析比较相关系数法与同调性分析法在Bruker MedSpec 3T system上的表现再根据同调性分析法的优点分析功能性的影像与平静状态功能性影像。

This method has been used to calculate electronic structures of the icosahedral,tetrahedral and dihedral fullerenes and some stability rules are obtained.

这种方法已经用于系统地研究具有二十面体群、四面体群和二面体群对称性的各富勒烯同系列，并且得到规律性的结果。

Ulva, the sea lettuce in which the alternating generations of the life cycle are morphologically identical.

同形性：在某些具有世代交替生活史的藻类中，其孢子体和配子体形态完全相同的现象。

Study on the petrochmical,trace element chemical,REE geochemical and Pb isotopic geochemical characteristics of the Tongshan intrusive indicates that the quartz diorite,granodiorite and adamellite are products of three stages of the same periodfrom only one magmatic source.

通过岩石化学、微量元素地球化学、稀土元素地球化学、铅同位素地球化学特征研究表明，铜山石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩是同一岩浆源同一时期三个侵入阶段的产物，铜山岩体幔壳同熔型的复式岩体，属太平洋钙碱性岩石系列。

The zymogramatic variations of esterase isoenzyme and superoxide dismutase isoenzyme of 20 sample materials, including 5 species, 2 varieties, 1 multiploid of Isatis L. and 1 outgroup species, Coronopus didymus J. E. Smith, were analyzed with technique of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳，比较了菘蓝属5种2变种1多倍体品种及1外类群种共计20个样本的酯酶同工酶和超氧化物歧化酶同工酶的酶谱差异，并运用数量分类学的原理和方法对酶谱数据进行了聚类分析。

As to the old-new effects in the episodic retrieval,there are similar pattern on the old-new effects of the picture-word and word-word identical matches,but the old-new effect of picture-picture identical matches shows different characteristics,especially after 600ms.

3在情景提取的旧新效应上，图-词跨形式匹配和词词同形式匹配表现出一致性，而图图同形式匹配加工的旧新效应表现出不同的特点，主要体现在600ms之后。

Business Scope: 1, ONLY licensing carbide circular saw blades, the products manufactured using imported materials, as compared with the same price products to extend the service life of more than 10%; applicable to all kinds of wood (including solid wood, particleboard, MDF and various MDF), aluminum alloy, rigid plastic, acrylic and other materials cutting; 2, the Company may in accordance with customers cutting materials and cutting of different specifications to choose custom-made special carbide circular saw blades; 3, In order to fully utilize resources, reduce costs, the company offers carbide tooth circular saw blades for the overall processing services; 4, the company's carbide circular saw blades used to provide full-service customers, in view of: a, blade matrix used for a period of time will produce deformation; b, saw in the use of the course will be part of tooth loss; c, saw the use of a period of time would not sharp blade; above phenomenon will not only greatly reduce blade life, at the same time will affect the use of effect.

ONLY牌硬质合金圆锯片，该产品全部采用进口材料制造，与同价格产品相比使用寿命延长10%以上；适用于各种木材（包括实木、刨花板、中纤板及各种密度板）、铝合金、硬质塑料、压克力等材料的切割；2、本公司可根据客户切割材料和切削方式的不同选择订做特殊规格硬质合金圆锯片；3、为充分利用资源、降低成本，本公司提供硬质合金圆锯片整体换齿加工服务；4、本公司对硬质合金圆锯片使用客户提供全方位服务，针对：a、锯片基体使用一段时间后会产生变形；b、锯片在使用过程中会出现部分齿脱落；c、锯片使用一段时间后刀刃会不锋利；以上现象出现，不仅会大大降低锯片使用寿命，同时会影响使用效果。

Methods The ELISA plate was firstly coated with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae , and then successively incubated with rabbit anti Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae serum and goat anti rabbit IgG biotin to form the solid biotin, which competed with the biotin in the solution for the limited streptavidin horse radish peroxidase conjugate.

酶标板先用猪肺炎支原体包被，再依次用兔抗猪肺炎支原体抗血浆、羊抗兔IgG -生物素温育形成固态生物素，同溶液中的生物素竞争有限量的链霉亲和素 HRP。

By using competitive adsorption of activated carbom to remove unfavorable influence of carbon in carbonaceous gold concentrate on leaching process, the leaching rate of gold concentrate can be improved to 88% as compared with 10%by direct cyanidation.

本文论述了利用活性炭竞争吸附作用，消除含炭金精矿中炭在浸出过程中的影响，使金精矿的浸出率可由直接氰化的10％提高到88％。

The only thing you're ever gonna be king of is King of the Stupids!

你只配做傻瓜的国王！