同体

During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

In conclusion, the lag phase of Streptococcus thermophilus was shorten in the eutrophy culture medium, and the time achieving the culminated point of logarithmic phase was shorted also, at the same time, the stationary phase lengthened. After secondary culture, Streptococcus thermophilus reached directly the log phase hardly through the lag phase, and then quickly reached the decline phase. There were more relations of the metabolic regalities of the three kinds of nutritive substances with the super-concentrated incubation process of Streptococcus thermophilus: the more the number of the bacteria, the quicker the metaboling, while the fewer, the slower the metabolism. Moreover, there apparently existed morphologic changes in this course, and there maybe existed the apoptosis, which correlated with bacteria propagation and acid producing. With the culture time postponed, the nutritive substances in the culture medium lacked also, and the morphologic change and apoptosis appeared more obviously.

结果表明，嗜热链球菌在营养丰富的培养基中的生长延滞期缩短，到达对数生长顶点的时间变短，稳定期的时间延长，当经过二次培养后，嗜热链球菌几乎不经过延滞期直接到达对数期，平稳期持续的时间较短，很快到达衰亡期；嗜热链球菌在超浓缩培养过程中三大营养物质的代谢规律也同它的培养过程有很大的关系，菌数多，其代谢旺盛，菌数降低其代谢速度减慢；嗜热链球菌在超浓缩培养过程中存在着明显的菌体形态变化，并可能存在着细胞凋亡，与菌体增殖和产酸规律密切相关，随着培养时间延长，培养基中营养物质变得贫乏，菌体形态变化和细胞凋亡的情况愈加明显。

Methods 20 human biscuspids scheduled to be extracted for the orthodontic reasons were prepared for porcelain fused to matal crown,of which every 2 teeth were from the same patient and the same jaw. The teeth were randomly, blindly and selfcontrolly divided into 2 groups.In the control group:the temporary crowns were cemented with zinc oxide cement.In the testing group:Green Or was applied before the temporary crowns were cemented with zinc oxide cement.

要领 选择因正畸治疗必要而打算撤废的20颗前磨牙举办金属烤瓷全冠牙体准备，其中每2颗牙均为同颌同名牙；授与随机、双盲、自身比较计划分为2组：比较组在牙准备体上直接用氧化锌丁喷香酚水门汀粘固且则冠；不雅察看组在牙准备体上涂布极固宁TM后用氧化锌丁喷香酚水门汀粘固且则冠。

Methods 20 human biscuspids scheduled to be extracted for the orthodontic reasons were prepared for porcelain fused to matal crown,of which every 2 teeth were from the same patient and the same jaw. The teeth were randomly, blindly and self controlly divided into 2 groups.In the control group:the temporary crowns were cemented with zinc oxide cement.In the testing group:Green Or was applied before the temporary crowns were cemented with zinc oxide cement.

选择因正畸治疗需要而计划拔除的20颗前磨牙进行金属烤瓷全冠牙体预备，其中每2颗牙均为同颌同名牙；采用随机、双盲、自身对照设计分为2组：对照组在牙预备体上直接用氧化锌丁香酚水门汀粘固暂时冠；观察组在牙预备体上涂布极固宁TM后用氧化锌丁香酚水门汀粘固暂时冠。

Therefore, CRP could mediate E-LDL participating in the early stage of atherogenesis. CRP is an ancient conserved protein whose initial role as a pattern recognition molecule may have been to defend against bacterial infections, but whose present biological role appears quite complex. CRP is protective against a variety of bacterial infections and inflammatory stimuli as an opsonin. It is likely that the activity of CRP in humans is either pro- or anti-inflammatory is dependent on the context in which it is acting.

由于CRP的识别相可以结合被暴露出磷酸胆碱结构的E-LDL，形成E-LDL／CRP复合体，而内皮细胞表面能以高亲和力识别CRP的配体相，从而CRP-相性结构具有结合E-LDL，被内皮细胞捕获，引起脂质沉积和激活补体、触发炎症反应的可能性，这样可以解释早期动脉粥样硬化为何同时存在E-LDL、CRP、补体，而这三种物质在同时、同地出现绝非一个巧合。

The 3-D finite element model of thoracolumbar spine was established based on the CT value of an aged volunteer using software Ansys-5. 0.The stress field and motion diagram of the thoracolumbar spine were evaluated, especially the change of that of augmented L〓 vertebral body with TCP-PMMA cement.

取一女性老年骨质疏松志愿者的〓的CT扫描图像，利用Ansys-5.0软件建立胸腰椎异物同构力学模型和椎间盘的三维有限元分析模型，分析在正常载荷下的胸腰段脊柱的应力场和移位场，着重分析椎体成形术后局部椎体增强对相邻椎体的应力场及移位场的影响。

The smaller ones are ca 70 nm wide and join the tectum and the larger columellae. These larger ones appear to be composed of several 70 nm in width rods. They join the distal surface of the foot layer. The proximal surface of the foot layer is marked by a white line (referred to as a junction plane) where it joins the endexine.

柱层中有种大小同的柱体，较小的宽约70 nm接盖顶层和较大的柱体，而较大的柱体是由多个宽70 nm的棒物所组成的，它们会和基层末端相，而基层顶端表面有著明显分布的白线特徵，就好像是它与外壁内层的接合面。

At last, ILIF in segment L3-4 and L4-5 is feasible. 2. There are enough operation space for ILIF in L3-4 and L4-5 with the root being retracted gently. And it is feasible to insert a couple transpedicle screws homolaterally. The intertransverse area was too narrow to perform ILIF on L5-S1.3. ILIF provide greater biomechanical stability than TLIF. while there was no significantly different stability between ILIF with homolateral or bilateral pedicle screw fixation. Adequate postoperative stability can be achieved by intertransverse lumbar interbody fusion with homolateral pedicle screw fixation.4. ILIF with transpedicle screws fixation homolaterally was a safe, convenient and effective operation, and less intraspinal complications were occurred of ILIF than TLIF.5. The fusion condition was satisfaction in ILIF group, which was better than TLIF group.

横突间入路腰椎椎体间融合术在L3-4、L4-5节段具有可行性。2、在L3-4、L4-5节段可提供足够的空间行ILIF手术，并可通过同一切口附加椎弓根钉固定，操作安全、简便。L5-S1节段横突间区域较小，操作困难，不适合行ILIF手术。3、ILIF手术术后生物力学稳定性有所下降但优于TLIF手术；ILIF附加同侧椎弓根钉固定与附加双侧椎弓根钉固定生物力学稳定性相当，使用ILIF术式附加侧同椎弓根螺钉固定，可提供较好的即刻稳定性。4、ILIF手术及附加同侧椎弓根钉固定是一种安全、简便、有效的手术方式，在减少椎管内并发症方面具有优势。5、ILIF手术可获得较好的融合率，其融合情况从组织学观察稍好于TLIF手术。

According to the alignment of Blastn and Blastx, one differentially exp ressed fragment, A7, was 97% identical in nucleotides to the 26S ribosomal RNA gene of Photinia fraseri and 91% in amino acids to cytochrome P450 monooxygenase in maize, respectively. Another differentially exp ressed fragment, A16, was 85% in nucleotides and 93% in amino acids identical to alpha-expansin 2 in Triphysaria versicolor.

核酸和氨基酸比对分析中同源性最高的是片段A7和A16.A7的核苷酸序列同源于红叶石楠Photinia fraseri 26S核糖体RNA (97%)、蛋白同源于玉米的细胞色素P450单加氧酶(91%)， A16的核苷酸(85%)及蛋白(93%)同源于直果草属 Triphysaria versicolor 的α-expansin 2基因。

When aborted rats were injected with 10 IU/g IFN-γin group D, compared with group A, expression of TNF-αinmmuopositive substance in the nucleus pre-opticus medialis, nucleus supra-opticus, nucleus pre-opticus mango celluaris, nucleus periventricularis hypothalami, nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami, nucleus arcuatus hypothalami were highly increased, conversely, the ones in the nucleus pre-opticus suprachiasmaticus, neurohypophsis, adenohypophysis, ovary were obviously decreased, the change in the uterus was not remarkable; Compared with group B, expression of TNF-αin the arcuatus hypothalami was obviously enhanced, while in the nucleus pre-opticus suprachiasmaticus, nucleus pre-opticus mango celluaris, nucleus periventricularis hypothalami, nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami, nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami, nucleus dorsomedialis hypothalami, neurohypophsis, pars intermedia, ovary, the results were on the contrary, the uterus had no significantly variation; Compared with group C, expression of TNF-αin the nucleus pre-opticus medialis, nucleus supra-opticus, nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami, nucleus arcuatus hypothalami, adenohypophysis and pars intermedia had an obviously risen trend, however, the variation in the nucleus pre-opticus suprachiasmaticus, nucleus periventricularis hypothalami, neurohypophsis, pars intermedia, follicle and corpus luteum was completely opposite, uterus had no obviously change.

外源腹腔注射10 IU/g IFN-γ后，同A组相比：D组TNF-α免疫阳性产物在下丘脑视前内侧核、视上核、视前大细胞核、室周核、室旁核、弓状核显著增高，在视交叉上核显著降低，在其它核团较A组无显著差异，在神经垂体、垂体前叶、卵巢中阳性产物表达均较A组显著降低，在子宫中的表达较A组变化不明显；同B组相比：D组TNF-α免疫阳性产物在弓状核显著增高，在视交叉上核、视前大细胞核、室周核、室旁核、腹内侧核、背内侧核、神经垂体、垂体中间部、卵巢各部阳性物质表达均显著降低，在子宫表达变化不显著；同C组相比：D组下丘脑视前内侧核、视上核、室旁核、弓状核、垂体前叶与中间部均显著增高，在视交叉上核、室周核、神经垂体、卵泡、黄体中均显著降低，子宫中表达变化不明显。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。