同义的

During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

Although it is not tautology of analytic proposition,it is a priori knowledge.So we can say Leibniz has putforwards the a priori synthetic proposition before Kant in an unclear way.

而原始的事实真理的提出则是莱布尼茨超越近代的直觉学说的地方，这种原始的事实真理不是同义反复的分析命题（至少对于人的有限的心智而言不是），而又具有某种直接的先验性，可见莱布尼茨已先于康德以一种不十分明显的方式提出了先天综合判断的问题。

O Do not be bound together with unbelievers; for what partnership have righteousness and lawlessness, or what fellowship

o 你们和不信的原不相配，不要同负一轭。义和不义有甚麼相交呢？光明和黑暗有甚麼相通呢？

I wish to conclude by quoting from an ancient Indian scripture, probably written more than 3,000 years ago in Sanskrit, that is in the title of "Upanisad." It is to the effect: May He protect us both together. May He nourish us both together. May we work conjointly with great energy. May our study be vigorous and effective. May we not hate anyone.

我想用一段印度的古诗来结束我的话，三千年前，印度有一篇著名的古诗叫《奥义书》，可能是梵文，我把它演绎了一下：愿我们同受庇佑，愿我们同受保护，愿我们共同努力，愿我们文化辉煌。

I wish to conclude by quoting from Sariraka Upanishad, an ancient Indian scripture written 3,000 years ago, probably in Sanskrit. It says to the effect:May He protect us both together,May He nourish us both together,May we work conjointly with great energy,May our study be vigorous and effective,May we not hate any,Let there be peace!Let there be peace!Let there be peace!

我想用一段印度的古诗来结束我的话，三千年前，印度有一部著名的典籍叫《奥义书》，可能是梵文，里面有这样一段话，我把它演绎了一下：愿我们同受庇佑，愿我们同受保护，愿我们共同努力，愿我们文化辉煌，永远不要仇恨，永远和平、和平、和平！

I wish to conclude by quoting from Sariraka Upanishad, an ancient Indian script ure written 3,000 years ago, probably in Sanskrit. It says to the effect:May He protect us both together,May He nourish us both together,May we work conjointly with great energy,May our study be vigorous and effective,May we not hate any,Let there be peace!Let there be peace!Let there be peace!

我想用一段印度的古诗来结束我的话，三千年前，印度有一部著名的典籍叫《奥义书》，可能是梵文，里面有这样一段话，我把它演绎了一下：愿我们同受庇佑，愿我们同受保护，愿我们共同努力，愿我们文化辉煌，永远不要仇恨，永远和平、和平、和平！

Coding and non-coding sequences are expected to have very different patterns of sequence changes because of the following characteristics of coding sequences: biased codon composition, higher conservation, absence of stop codons and frameshifts, higher fraction of synonymous than nonsynonymous substitutions, higher frequency of substitutions corresponding to changes of chemically similar amino acids, higher proportion of mutable contexts.

我们可以预期可转录的序列及不可转录的序列会有相当不同的序列改变特徵，因为可转录的序列有以下特色：偏颇的密码子组成，较高的保存度，有终止密码子和移码的出现，相较於异义取代有较高比例的同义取代，较高的频率出现化学结构相似的胺基酸取代，较高比例的可变之前后序列。

Be all of you not unequally yoked together with unbelievers: for what fellowship has righteousness with unrighteousness?

014 你们和不信的原不相配，不要同负一轭。义和不义有什麼相交呢？

First,under the condition of stimulus presenting simultaneously and function ofgraphic/semantic dimension,we study the bilateral/unilateral processing efficiency,the function on the level of synonym/similar grapheme.

首先，在刺激同时呈现，形/义属性作用条件下，对音同匹配过程中的双、单侧加工的效率及形/义近水平上的影响等做了研究。

For further study whether the effects of transferring information betweenhemispheres will change along the time,combining with the paradigm of Priming,wemake the stimulus present in the certain order;and under the function ofgraphic/semantic dimension,we also study the bilateral/unilateral processingefficiency,the function on the level of synonym/similar grapheme.

为进一步考察半球间所传递信息的作用在时间上的变化，结合启动实验范式进行研究，而且，同样是在形/义属性作用条件下，对音同匹配过程中的双、单侧加工效率及形/义近水平上的影响等做了研究。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失