同义

During the postgenomics era the information about genomic sequence and gene functions provides a new foundation for evolutionary biology and ecology As the first whole-genome sequenced plant Arabidopsis thaliana and its wild relatives have played a critical role in understanding the evolution of genomics and speciation Both A halleri and A lyrata are closely related to the model species A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera occurs in northeastern China Japan and Taiwan; while its sister A halleri ssp halleri is mainly distributed in Europe Geographical barriers such as Tienshan Mountain Range isolate these intraspecific sisters Likewise A lyrata ssp kamchatica and ssp lyrata occur in East Asia and North America respectively Such distribution patterns seem to be consistent with allopartic speciation The comparison between ancestral and extant polymorphism by multilocus can be informative about the population genetics of speciation In this study we collected and analyzed DNA sequences of 98 genes from four wild relatives of A thaliana A halleri ssp gemmifera A halleri ssp halleri A lyrata ssp kamchatica and A lyrata ssp lyrata The ancestral states of these four species were compared to each other in terms of level of genetic variation However the ancestral species at the time of speciation were substantially more polymorphic than the extant geographical populations The observations are not fully compatible with speciation by strict allopatry At some species pairs parapatric speciation seems more reasonable in speciation of Arabidopsis The 98 gene sequences are also used for the congruence test between gene genealogy and species phylogeny Only 28 genes support the species phylogeny but there are 23 genes supports another major genealogy { lyrata} thaliana Based on the phylogenetic position change of A lyrata ssp kamchatica and Ks value for each species pair suggested the recent directional gene flow between A halleri ssp gemmifera and A lyrata ssp kamchatica

阿拉伯芥是第一个完成基因体定序的开花植物，其基因体资讯提供植物学研究的重要依据；在解析阿拉伯芥属物种的亲缘关系以及种化机制等重要的演化议题时，阿拉伯芥近缘的野生物种自然成了不可或缺的关键；跟阿拉伯芥近缘的物种包括A halleri及A lyrata，其中A halleri ssp gemmifera主要分布於中国东北、日本以及台湾，与近缘的A halleri ssp halleri其分布於欧洲隔著天山及大陆的障蔽，而A lyrata ssp kamchatica主要分布於东北亚及台湾，与分布於北美五大湖的A lyrata ssp lyrata被北极圈所分隔，这样的分布模式暗示异域种化的可能。藉由多基因分析比较祖先物种与现生物种遗传歧异度的相关可提供讯息探讨种化时期的族群遗传结构，本研究针对A halleri ssp gemmifera、A halleri ssp halleri及A lyrata ssp kamchatica、A lyrata ssp lyrata四个物种，两对互为亚种的姊妹群，以阿拉伯芥为外群进行研究，在四个物种完成98个同源基因的分子序列，利用套装软体MCMCcoal来估算祖先物种的遗传变异，亦估算现生物种的核苷酸歧异度，观察到？多物种配对中祖先物种遗传多型性大於现生物种DNA歧异度，显示异域种化模型并无法完全解释阿拉伯芥属物种的种化模式，在某些物种配对间邻域种化模式应比异域种化更为可能；在基因树与物种树的比较，98个基因片段的亲缘模式只有28个是与已知物种树一致的，有23个基因其树状图支持{ lyrata} thaliana的型式，藉由kamchatica位置的变化以及估算各物种配对间的平均同义置换率，推测在A halleri ssp gemmifera与A lyrata ssp kamchatica间具有近代的单方向基因交流。

Although it is not tautology of analytic proposition,it is a priori knowledge.So we can say Leibniz has putforwards the a priori synthetic proposition before Kant in an unclear way.

而原始的事实真理的提出则是莱布尼茨超越近代的直觉学说的地方，这种原始的事实真理不是同义反复的分析命题（至少对于人的有限的心智而言不是），而又具有某种直接的先验性，可见莱布尼茨已先于康德以一种不十分明显的方式提出了先天综合判断的问题。

Antonymy is an important semantic relation through which the complex phenomena of the objective world can be reflected in the linguistic vocabulary.

客观世界、社会生活中千变万化的复杂关系，必然反映到语言词汇中。而反义词语的矛盾与对立便是这种复杂关系的具体体现。这是和词的同义关系相对应的一种关系。

Be terrified of doing sth.

是个同义词组。

The results showed as follows: TYR activity was significantly different between black and non-black bone sheep(P.05);the total character of infrared spectrumI...

结果发现，检测的乌骨绵羊TYR基因第一外显子有两个变异位点，分别位于第64和154号编码氨基酸上，但都属于同义突变。

There is no synonymy beyond Medem's consistent use of Caiman sclerops to refer to spectacled caimans.

没有任何同义以后梅德姆的一贯使用的凯门鳄sclerops提及眼镜caimans 。

Some authors refer to the caiman of Mexico and Central America as a separate subspecies; the chiapasius name originated with Bocourt in 1876 and is in the synonymy of fuscus.

有些作者提到凯曼的墨西哥和中美洲作为一个单独的亚种（凯门鳄鳄chiapasius ）；的chiapasius名称源自于1876年和Bocourt是在同义的青海。

The usuage of collocation of synonym can be found in ancient Chinese and it is an important cultural phenomenon.

同义连用这一语言现象在上古汉语中就已经大量出现，是一种重要的语言现象。

Asia minorA peninsula of western Asia between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. It is generally coterminous with Asian Turkey and is usually considered synonymous with Anatolia.

小亚细亚：黑海与地中海之间亚洲西部的一个半岛，总体上与亚洲的土耳其范围相当，通常认为与安纳托利亚同义。

The two typical structures of the English ditransitive verbs, the double object construction and dative construction, are not of the relations of derivation or transformation, but rather differ in cognition and meaning.

英语双及物结构的两个典型句式，双宾结构和与格结构不是衍推和转换的同义关系，而是体现了认知和意义的不同。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。