合金的基体

In this paper, the dynamic compressing experiments for the matrix material of the tungsten alloys which have been three different deforming(0%、 32.6%、 44.6%) processed have been performed by the experimental technology of separated Hopkinson pressure bar and many accurate datum have been obtained. Also the three materials have been compared with each other and analyzed. The results show that the optimized values are in a certain range to optimize the materials by changing their deforming technology. The parameters of constitutive model of Johnson-Cook have been fitted based on the datum. Then proceed to the next step, adiabatic shear band of these three matrix materials has been analyzed with finite element method. The result shows that the relations between stress and strain are different because of the differences of technical process of the three materials, but they are in great commonness in the material experiment and in great coherence in the distribution of time and space, which can been seen from the space distributing figures of plastic strain.

利用分离式Hopkinson压杆实验技术对三种不同变形量(0%、32.6%、44.6%)钨合金基体材料进行动态压缩实验，取得大量精确的数据，对比分析三种材料，结果表明通过改变变形量对材料进行优化，其变形量的优化值是有一定范围的；本论文拟合、确定了钨合金基体材料Johnson-Cook本构模型参数并对三种基体材料绝热剪切带进行有限元分析，结果表明三种材料由于工艺流程的不同，应力应变关系也不尽相同，但从塑性应变的空间分布图上体现了材料很大的共性和时间以及空间分布的一致性。

The results under the oil lubricate friction conditions were similar with those under the dry friction conditions. The wear mechanism of 3Cr13 matrix alloy was micro-cutting and distorting wear. For the composites with a low fraction of TiC particle, distorting wear dominated and cutting was partly operating. For the composites with a high fraction of TiC particle, stress fatigue wear and wear of hard phase decohesion has occurred, but the main wear mechanism was still distorting wear. When the wear experiments were performed under the oil lubricate friction conditions, the main wear mechanism has became to abrasive wear and fatigue wear for the composites with the low TiC fraction, and fatigue wear would be to dominate for the composites with the high TiC fraction. There were similar wear mechanisms in H13 and 1Cr18Ni9 matrix composites.

在干摩擦条件下，3Cr13基体合金的磨损机理为显微切削和变形磨损；低体积分数的复合材料磨损机制以变形磨损为主，兼有少量的切削磨损机制；高体积分数的复合材料磨损机制以变形磨损为主，兼有应力疲劳磨损和脆性相剥落磨损；在油润滑摩擦条件下，3Cr13基体合金的磨损以磨粒磨损为主；低体积分数的复合材料磨损为磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损；高体积分数的复合材料磨损以疲劳磨损为主。H13、1Cr18Ni9基体及其复合材料的磨损机制类似于3Cr13基体及其相同体积分数的复合材料。

Moreover, it is closely related to the crystal structures of reinforcement and matrix alloy. The formation of above crystallographic relationships is valuable to decrease the energy of lattice strain between reinforcement and matrix alloy.

与增强体的晶体结构及基体合金的晶体结构密切相关，形成该位相关系有利于降低增强体与基体合金界面的晶格畸变能。

The results show that constitutional phases in the 〓 alloy is the same as that in the 〓 alloy, but phase composition and transformation temperatures of two alloys are quite different. The Ms temperature of the 〓 alloy is lower than-180℃. In order to enable the alloy to be used for making pipe couplings, it is necessary to control Al addition and to increase Ti addition in the alloy. In the 〓 alloy, there exist three constitutional phases: TiNi matrix phase with B19′structure,β-Ta phase and NiTa〓 phase. Transformation temperatures, M〓, Ms, As and A〓, of the alloy are 55℃, 66℃, 94℃ and 109℃, respectively.

结果表明，〓合金显微组织的相组成物与〓合金一样，但相成分明显不同，相变温度相差较大，其Ms温度低于-180℃，要想使该系合金用于制作记忆合金管接头，必须控制铝的添加量并提高合金中的钛含量使合金的Ms温度控制在-80℃～-100℃之间；〓合金是由具有B19'结构的TiNi基体相、β—Ta固溶体和NiTa〓化合物三相组成的，其相变温度M〓、Ms、As和A〓分别为：55℃、66℃、94℃和109℃。

Compared with that of 3Cr13 alloy, the oxidation resistance of the composites containing 5 vol.％TiC particle was improved greatly at 850℃, but the improvement was relatively limited at 950℃. But the oxidation resistance of 1Cr18Ni9 composites containing 5 vol.％ TiC particle was obviously improved at 950℃, and at 850℃ the improvement is not large. The TiC particle can improve the oxidation resistance mainly was by developing the oxidation selectiveness of the Cr element as to change the phase constitution of the oxidation film, to alleviate the production of the stress in the oxidation film and to improve the cohesive force of the oxidation film or matrix interface and the chemical combination of the oxidation film.

与3Cr13合金相比，含5％volTiC颗粒的复合材料在850℃的抗氧化性能得到大幅度提高，而在950℃复合材料的抗氧化性能提高作用却是有限的；与1Cr18Ni9合金相比，含5％volTiC颗粒的复合材料在850℃的抗氧化性能略有提高，而950℃复合材料的抗氧化性能提高却是明显的；TiC颗粒可以提高两种基体合金抗氧化性能，主要是通过促进Cr的选择性氧化，进而改变氧化膜的相组成、减缓氧化膜内应力的产生、增加氧化膜/基体界面凝聚力及提高氧化膜化学结合力而实现的。

The results show that, Au-19.25Ag-12.80Ge brazing alloy is better, its melting temperature range is 446.76494.40 ℃, and the temperature interval between the solidus and the liquidus is 47.64 ℃. When the brazing temperature is in the range of 510550 ℃, the alloy has a good spreadability and wettability with Ni. Interface structure observation reveals that there is one continuous intermetallic layer between the brazing alloy and the base metal Ni when welding. X-ray energy spectrum analysis results show that the intermetallic layer is Ge3Ni5, and because of its brittleness, the overthick intermetallic layer will decrease the shear strength of the welding joint, therefore, the welding technology should be controlled so as to gain an ideal welding interface structure.

研究结果表明：Au-19.25Ag-12.80Ge合金的性能较好，其熔化温度范围为446.76~494.40 ℃，结晶温度区间为47.64 ℃；焊接温度在510~550 ℃范围内时，Au-19.25Ag-12.80Ge钎料合金与Ni基体具有良好的铺展性和润湿性，焊接时钎料合金与Ni基体之间形成了一条连续的金属间化合物层，能谱分析表明该金属间化合物层为Ge3Ni5，由于该化合物较脆，过厚的金属间化合物层使焊接接头的剪切强度下降，故应适当控制焊接工艺以获得理想的焊接界面组织。

The experimental results denoted that the finer pearlite along the austenite boundaries in the as-cast Cr30Ni20NRE steel disappeared first under long-term and high-temperature service condition, and that an umber of Cr- richened carbides were formed due to unila-teral carburizing at long-term and high- temperature, consequently causing Ni to concentrate, bulging and calalyzing decomposition of the carburizing gas.

试验结果表明，长期在高温条件下服役，铸态Cr30Ni20NRE耐热钢中沿奥氏体晶界的珠光首先融入奥氏体，长期高温单边渗碳形成大量富铬碳化物，促使镍富集并起泡形成瘤状物，催化含碳气体的分解；表层瘤状物使辐射管表层疏松，表面积扩张，加快了碳向基体的渗入，提供了碳化物持续长大的条件，并引起沿碳化物周边开裂和奥氏体基体严重萎缩；合金元素的重新分布造成主合金元素铬和镍产生两极分化，镍和硅的富集促使石墨化，与侵入的氧形成内部氧化空洞和膨胀疏松，最终导致构件穿孔失效。

The results show that the CNTs are dispersed effectively by bell jar immersing precast block casting. The maximal tensile strength and the elongation of the AZ31/CNTs composites are enhanced by 41.3% and 119.4%, respectively, and the elastic modulus and micro-hardness are also raised by 67.8% and 66.9%, respectively, when compared with those of the as-cast AZ31 Mg alloys. The CNTs can greatly refine the grains of the composites, playing a good role in reinforcing the matrixes of AZ31 Mg alloy. The fracture sections of the composites mainly consist of dimples and prisms, which demonstrates quasi- cleavage fracture modes.

结果表明：钟罩压块法可以有效地将碳纳米管分散到镁合金熔体中；CNTs对AZ31镁合金的力学性能有较强的增强效果，与本研究中的铸造AZ31合金相比，AZ31/CNTs复合材料的最大抗拉强度和伸长率分别提高41.3%和119.4%，弹性模量和显微硬度分别提高67.8%和66.9%；CNTs对AZ31镁合金基体晶粒的细化作用显著，与镁基体界面结合较好；复合材料试样断口形貌由韧窝和撕裂棱组成，呈现准解理断裂特征。

In the ferrous martensite transformations, the lath martensite of substructure with high-density dislocations is made up of the transformation basic-units with same orientations whereas the plate-shaped martensite with twin substructure is made up of the basic-units with different orientations.

本文根据铁基合金马氏体和贝氏体显微组织观察以及晶体学位向关系测定，提出板条马氏体、孪晶马氏体和贝氏体铁素体均由相变基元构成，相变基元具有切变形核长大的晶体学特征。

The Ni-based self-fluxing alloy powder coposite coating was produced on the substrate of ferrite and pearite base gray iron by the general electrical resistance furnace with graphite protection successfully.

用普通电阻炉加石墨保护的方法成功地在铁素体基灰铸铁及珠光体基灰铸铁基体上制备了镍基自熔性合金粉末复合材料。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了