合金的基体

The results show: the strongest bond is the Al-Al bond in the segregated cell without containing vacancy, where the Al atomic covalence radius is greater than that of Li atom in the cell; while the strongest bond is the Al-Li bond in the segregated cell containing vacancy, and the Al atomic covalence radius in the cell is less than that of Li atom. Since the difference of electronagativity between the Al and Li atoms is obvious, it is inclined to formed the Al-Li segregated cell of short range order structure in the condition of vacancy present. The short range order structure containing vacancy is probably the embryo or precursor structure of the metastable phase δ′(Al3Li). Because the strongest covalent bond in the Al-Li-vacancy segregated cell in alloy formed in quenching is the main strength reason for supersaturated solid solution of alloy. The bond net of succeeding precipitation of δ′(Al3Li) has the picture of anisotropic Al-Al bonding and the bond intensity enhanced. Since the δ′(Al3Li) is coherence with matrix, the bond net strength is enhanced by the precipitation of δ′(Al3Li) and so strengthen the alloy.

计算结果表明：不包含空位的偏聚晶胞的键络最强键为Al—Al键，其中Al原子的共价半径较Li原子的共价半径要大；而含空位的偏聚晶胞的最强键为Al—Li键， Al原子的共价半径要比Li原子的共价半径要小；在空位存在的情况下，由于Al原子与Li原子的电负性相差明显，促使Al和Li原子结合，倾向形成Al-Li短程序结构偏聚区，这种含空位的短程序结构很可能就是δ′(Al3Li)亚稳相的前兆结构和生长胚胎；由于Al-Li-空位有序偏聚晶胞的Al—Li键络比基体键络要强许多，因此，淬火过程中合金生成的Al-Li-空位偏聚晶胞对合金过饱和固溶体起主要强化作用；后续析出的δ′(Al3Li)亚稳相键络各项异性显著，键络强度明显提高；由于Al3Li与基体共格，其大量均匀弥散析出起到提升基体整体键络强度，同样对合金产生强化作用。

The results show: the strongest bond is the Al-Al bond in the segregated cell without containing vacancy, where the Al atomic covalence radius is greater than that of Li atom in the cell; while the strongest bond is the Al-Li bond in the segregated cell containing vacancy, and the Al atomic covalence radius in the cell is less than that of Li atom. Since the difference of electronagativity between the Al and Li atoms is obvious, it is inclined to formed the Al-Li segregated cell of short range order structure in the condition of vacancy present. The short range order structure containing vacancy is probably the embryo or precursor structure of the metastable phase δ'(Al3Li). Because the strongest covalent bond in the Al-Li-vacancy segregated cell in alloy formed in quenching is the main strength reason for supersaturated solid solution of alloy. The bond net of succeeding precipitation of δ'(Al3Li) has the picture of anisotropic Al-Al bonding and the bond intensity enhanced. Since the δ'(Al3Li) is coherence with matrix, the bond net strength is enhanced by the precipitation of δ'(Al3Li) and so strengthen the alloy.

计算结果表明：不包含空位的偏聚晶胞的键络最强键为Al-Al键，其中Al原子的共价半径较Li原子的共价半径要大；而含空位的偏聚晶胞的最强键为Al-Li键，Al原子的共价半径要比Li原子的共价半径要小；在空位存在的情况下，由於Al原子与Li原子的电负性相差明显，促使Al和Li原子结合，倾向形成Al-Li短程序结构偏聚区，这种含空位的短程序结构很可能就是δ'(Al3Li)亚稳相的前兆结构和生长胚胎；由於Al-Li-空位有序偏聚晶胞的Al-Li键络比基体键络要强许多，因此，淬火过程中合金生成的Al-Li-空位偏聚晶胞对合金过饱和固溶体起主要强化作用；后续析出的δ'(Al3Li)亚稳相键络各项异性显著，键络强度明显提高；由於Al3Li与基体共格，其大量均匀弥散析出起到提升基体整体键络强度，同样对合金产生强化作用。

The results show that the microstructures of these three kinds of coating are different from those of the matrix (20 steel). The wear resistance of the flame spray coating is 4. 9 times that of the matrix. This is caused by the existance of hard noncrystal microparticals. The wear resistance of the coating by flame spray welding is 6. 3 times that of the matrix. The reason is that the fine crystal grains can be formed and the solution strengthening, dispersion hardening can be induced by these alloy elements. The resistance of the laser remelt coating is 8. 8 times that of the matrix. This is due to the solution strengthening, dispersion hardening and the existence of very hard dendritic crystal, eutectic and martensite in the microstructure.

作者指出，喷涂层由于层内有一定数量高硬度的合金非晶质点存在，其耐磨性是钢基体的4.9倍；喷熔层内合金晶化产生的晶粒细小，合金元素能起固溶强化作用，也能生成化合物产生弥散硬化作用，故此耐磨性是钢基体的6.3倍；激光涂敷层除所含合金元素产生的固溶强化和弥散硬化作用外，表层组织为高硬度的枝晶+共晶和马氏体，故其耐磨性是钢基体的8.8倍。

The results show that a MgSnO3·H2O conversion film is formed by treatment in the stannate solution at 90℃, and the immersion test and potentiodynamic polarization show that the corrosion resistance of the AZ91D alloy is improved to some extent.

结果表明：锡酸盐转化处理后合金表面形成了以MgSnO3·H2O为主要成分的转化膜，可对合金起到一定的防护作用；转化膜由细小的球形颗粒密积而成，颗粒之间存在间隙，它可以为化学镀镍的前处理过程提供良好的吸附条件；转化膜上的化学镀镍层组织致密、无缺陷， MgSnO3·H2O转化膜在镀镍层与基体之间起到过渡作用，镀层的磷含量达到9%，与基体结合良好；在3.5% NaCl (pH=7)溶液中的动电位极化测试表明，镀镍以后的合金在阳极极化过程中发生了明显的钝化，耐腐蚀性能进一步提高，对基体起到了较好的防护作用。

The results show that the induction cladding coating is metallurgically bonded to the substrate. The microstructure of coating is compact actinomorphous structure with plentiful nubby and strip eutectics.

结果表明：涂层合金与基体之间为冶金结合，组织为致密的放射状组织上分布着大量块状、条状的共晶体。

The unsmoothed characteristics of some living beings in soil have wear reduction and wear resistance function . The research benefits the revelation that a tungsten carbide reinforced Cu-base alloy wear-resistant composite coating was produced on mild steel by spark plasma sintering.Under the condition of two bodies abrasive wear ,the coating with the structure that hight hardness and good wear resistance WC particles embedding in tough fine Cu-base alloy matrix resist the abrasion wear and manifest the good wear reduction and wear resistance properties that the unsmoothed bodysurface of some living beings in soil have.

本研究受到某些土壤动物体表非光滑几何特征具有减磨、耐磨特性的启示，应用放电等离子烧结工艺，选取具有优良塑性的Cu基合金作为复合层基体，硬质点WC颗粒作为增强相，在碳钢表面形成WC\ Cu基合金耐磨复合层，在两体静载荷磨粒磨损条件下，高硬度、耐磨WC颗粒镶嵌在高塑性的Cu基合金基体中，共同抵抗磨粒的磨削，表现出某些土壤动物体表非光滑几何特征所具备的优良减磨、耐磨特性。

The fracture morphology were found that the interface bonds between ductile α-Ti matrix and the brittle Ti〓Si〓 phases were divided, which companied with little lancinated edge and small cleavage facets.

与其它元素相比，适量的硼改善Ti-Si共晶合金的塑性最为显著（ε〓=11.5％），其断裂机制为韧性的基体与第二相之间的界面解键，伴有少量撕裂棱和小解理面，属于准脆性断裂。

The results show that the CNTs are dispersed effectively by bell jar immersing precast block casting. The maximal tensile strength and the elongation of the AZ31/CNTs composites are enhanced by 41.3% and 119.4%, respectively, and the elastic modulus and micro-hardness are also raised by 67.8% and 66.9%, respectively, when compared with those of the as-cast AZ31 Mg alloys. The CNTs can greatly refine the grains of the composites, playing a good role in reinforcing the matrixes of AZ31 Mg alloy. The fracture sections of the composites mainly consist of dimples and prisms, which demonstrates quasicleavage fracture modes.

结果表明：钟罩压块法可以有效地将碳纳米管分散到镁合金熔体中；CNTs对AZ31镁合金的力学性能有较强的增强效果，与本研究中的铸造AZ31合金相比，AZ31/CNTs复合材料的最大抗拉强度和伸长率分别提高41.3%和119.4%，弹性模量和显微硬度分别提高67.8%和66.9%；CNTs对AZ31镁合金基体晶粒的细化作用显著，与镁基体界面结合较好；复合材料试样断口形貌由韧窝和撕裂棱组成，呈现准解理断裂特征。

In room temperature, the pulse needs thousands of voltages and more then ten thousand amperages, which needs prodigious and costly electric current pulse generator.

但在室温条件下使钢的基体组织发生变化，需要数千伏以上电压、上万安培的电流才能达到，这需要庞大的脉冲发生器机组和很高的成本造价，而在800～900℃的高温条件下对合金试样加以千安级以下脉冲电流同样可以达到目的。

The Zircaloy substrates were prepared with different pretreatment, then Cr films with the thickness of 0.5μm l.0μm 2.0μm 3.1 μrn and Cr/Nb Nb/Cr binary films were deposited with the same deposition parameters.

锆合金板基体经过不同的预处理后，采用直流磁控溅射方法，在相同的沉积参数下在其表面沉积了0.5μm、1.0μm、2.0μm、3.1μm厚度不等的纯cr薄膜以及Cr和铌的复合薄膜。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了