合金的

Stainless steel 35-42 °Be FeCl 3 35-55 Mild steel 35-42 °Be FeCl 3 35-55 Beryllium copper 30-42 °Be FeCl 3 or 40-55 ammoniacal copper or 33 °Be acidic CuCl 2 Copper and copper 30-42 °Be FeCl 3 or 40-55 alloys ammoniacal copper or 33 °Be acidic CuCl 2 Inconel and other 38-42 °Be FeCl 3 or 45-55 high nickel alloys conc nitric/conc hydrochloric acid/water 1:1:3 Aluminium 20% NaOH 60-90 or conc hydrochloric 20-65 acid/water 1:4 55 or alkaline potassium ferricyanide Brass 30-42 °Be FeCl 3 or 40-55 ammoniacal copper or 33 °Be acidic CuCl 2 Molybdenum Alkaline potassium 55 ferricyanide 40-55 or 40 °Be Fe(NO 3 ) 3 Titanium 10-50% HF 30-50 (optionally with HNO 3 )*The concentration of etchant (column 2) is measured in Degrees Baume where:°Be = 145 (SG - 1/SG); and SG is the specific gravity of the solution.

表美- 00002表2金属共同腐蚀剂*温度° C的不锈钢35-42 °成为氯化铁三 35-55低碳钢35-42 °成为氯化铁三 35-55铍铜30-42 °成为氯化铁3或40-55氨铜或33 °是酸性CuCl的2铜及铜30-42 °成为氯化铁三或40-55合金氨铜或33 °是酸性CuCl的2镍铬铁合金和其他38-42 °成为三氯化铁3或45-55高镍合金浓硝酸/浓盐酸/水1时01分03秒铝20％的NaOH浓盐酸60-90或20-65酸/水1：4 55或氰化钾铜30-42 °碱性钾成为三氯化铁3或40-55氨铜或33 °是酸性CuCl的二钾55钼碱性铁氰化钾40-55或40 °成为铁Fe（NO 3）3钛10-50％的HF 30-50*的浓度对侵蚀剂（栏2）测量波美度其中：°成为= 145（法兴- 1/SG）；和SG是比重。

It is found that there exists an obvious prepeak in the low-Q domain (Q=15.7 nm^-^1) of the structure factor. In the X-diffraction pattern, the liquid diffraction curve is corresponding with the solid diffraction curve. There exist the prepeaks for them in the low-Q domain, which shows that there is the comparability in the microstructure between them.

采用紧束缚原子间作用势，利用分子动力学模拟的方法研究了Al5Fe2合金熔体的微观结构，发现在结构因子的小角部分(Q=15.7nm^-^1)出现了一个明显的预峰，并得到X射线衍射实验的进一步印证，在实验测得的合金衍射图样中，液态衍射曲线与固态衍射曲线间存在着很好的对应关系，它们在小角部分都存在峰位，这表明Al5Fe2合金熔体与其固态在结构上存在着很大的相似性。

In order to justify the efficiency during the water elutriation process of separating ceramic inclusions from FGH95 alloy powder, the maximum theoretical and experimental size of FGH95 powder elutriated was compared at different water flowing velocity.

摘 要：通过对水淘析法的原理分析，运用流体力学中的摩擦数群法确定了以陶瓷夹杂物在水中的沉降速度来确定水流速度，及在确定的水流速度下，所能淘析出的FGH95合金粉末的最大尺寸；并以比较淘析出的FGH95合金粉末的实际最大尺寸与理论最大尺寸，考察了水淘析法分离FGH95合金粉末中的陶瓷夹杂的有效性。

Then, on the basis of above achieved constituent binary results, thermodynamic properties of 10 ternary liquid alioys (Cd-Bi-Pb, Cd-Pb-Sb, Cd-Pb-Sn, Mg-In-Cd, Zn-In- Cd, Cd-Bi-Sn, In-Bi-Pb, Sn-AgPb,Zn-In.Pb, Al-Cu-Zn), 3 quaternary ones (Cd-Bi-Pb-Sn, Zn-Sn-Cd-Bi, Zn-Sn-Cd-Pb) and 1 quinary. one (Zn-Sn-Pb-Cd-Bi) are predicted. For most of investigated multicomponent systems, the calculated activities are in good with the experimental ones, and in particular for multicompoment immiscible ones, the predicted results are satisfactory and exciting. At the same time, the comparison result between the three equations shows that Wilson equation and T-K-Wilson one are more stable than NRTL one, that maybe is because NRTL equation contains a third parameter, and so ,to some degree, Wilson model and T-K-Wilson model are superior to NRTL model. And also the comparison between local composition models and other models such as Pelton- Flengas?method, Krupkowski formalism, mass action concentration model and Hoch- Arpshofen model shows that local composition models are more convenient and credible.

在此基础之上应用局部组成型模型对10个三元液态合金（包括Cd-Bi-Pb、Cd-Pb-Sb、Cd-Pb-Sn、Mg-In-Cd、Zn-In-Cd、Cd-Bi-Sn、In-Bi-Pb、Sn-Ag-Pb、Zn-In-Pb、Al-Cu-Zn），3个四元液态合金（包括Cd-Bi-Pb-Sn、Zn-Sn-Cd-Bi、Zn-Sn-Cd-Pb）和1个五元液态合金（Zn-Sn-Pb-Cd-Bi）的活度进行了预测，预测效果良好，尤其对Zn-In-Pb系和Zn-Sn-Cd-Pb等多元液-液共存体系热力学性质的预测也取得了令人满意的结果；同时对三个方程的比较分析表明：Wilson方程和T-K-Wilson方程在多元系热力学性质的预测中表现稳定，而NRTL方程由于引入了物理意义不清楚的第三参数，使得其具有不确定性和不稳定性的特点，因此Wilson方程和T-K-Wilson方程较NRTL方程更为优越；此外对局部组成型模型与其它模型（如Pelton-Flengas方程、Krupkowski方程、作用浓度模型和Hoch-Arpshofen模型）的比较表明：局部组成型模型同样是优秀的，甚至在某些方面更为简便和可靠。

Tight alloying layer with undulation and without visual pocket and inclusion has been obtained by experiment.The alloying layer is metallurgically combined with the matrix.

试验结果获得了致密、无肉眼可见气孔、夹杂、熔覆表面有一定起伏的合金层，合金层与基体间完全冶金结合；熔覆合金层由单相Fe3 Al构成，覆层组织为粗大的柱状晶团，柱状晶团内包含大量极细小的板条状Fe3 Al晶粒，一些相邻的板条晶之间具有基本相同的晶体学取向。

The unsmoothed characteristics of some living beings in soil have wear reduction and wear resistance function . The research benefits the revelation that a tungsten carbide reinforced Cu-base alloy wear-resistant composite coating was produced on mild steel by spark plasma sintering.Under the condition of two bodies abrasive wear ,the coating with the structure that hight hardness and good wear resistance WC particles embedding in tough fine Cu-base alloy matrix resist the abrasion wear and manifest the good wear reduction and wear resistance properties that the unsmoothed bodysurface of some living beings in soil have.

本研究受到某些土壤动物体表非光滑几何特征具有减磨、耐磨特性的启示，应用放电等离子烧结工艺，选取具有优良塑性的Cu基合金作为复合层基体，硬质点WC颗粒作为增强相，在碳钢表面形成WC\ Cu基合金耐磨复合层，在两体静载荷磨粒磨损条件下，高硬度、耐磨WC颗粒镶嵌在高塑性的Cu基合金基体中，共同抵抗磨粒的磨削，表现出某些土壤动物体表非光滑几何特征所具备的优良减磨、耐磨特性。

The disordered solid solution Al was obtained for Fe_(25)Al_(65)Ni_(10) mixture powder. The mechanical alloying of Fe_(0.25)Al_(0.75-x)Ni_x(x=0.05,0.175,0.25) mixture powders result in intermetallic compounds. The results of mechanical alloyed_(1-x)Ni_x (x=0.4,0.6) and (FeAl_3)_(1-x)Ni_x(x=0.1,0.3) mixture powders indicate that the ratio of iron and aluminum determines the formation of intermetallic compounds. The FeNi intermetallic compound, cerium oxide and one unidentified phase were obtained by mechanical alloying FeCeNi_3 and Ce_2 mixture powders.

对于合金化过程中的结构演变采用X射线衍射仪、DTA或DSC热分析仪、SEM进行分析，对Al-Fe-Ni和Ce-Fe-Ni两个三元系的机械合金化过程的研究表明：对于Al-Fe-Ni三元系来说，成分为Fe_(25)Al_(65)Ni_(10)的混合粉末经机械合金化后可生成非晶与纳米晶的混合物；球磨成分为Fe_(0.25)Al_(0.75-x)Ni_x(x=0.05，0.175，0.25)混合粉末，可形成Al_3Ni_2，AlFe_3，AlFe_(0.23)Ni_(0.77)，球磨成分为_(1-x)Ni_x(x=0.4，0.6)和(FeAl_3)_(1-x)Ni_x(x=0.1，0.3)混合粉末，Fe与Al比例相同时球磨所形成的金属间化合物也相同。

The dynamic behaviour of copper was investgated making use of an ex-perimental Lagrangian analysis technique,in which multiple manganin gauges were used to measure the stress-time history at different Lagrangian positions in the stress wave field,and a modified pathline method was used to analyse and solve the dynamic and physical parameters of the flow field.

利用拉氏分析方法对钨合金在高应变率下的力学性质进行探讨，分析各拉氏位置的应变，比容，密度，应变率，比内能，质点速度等物理量的变化历史，讨论不同晶粒度尺寸对钨合金在高应变率下动态力学性能的影响，给出钨合金在应变率为104~105s-1时的应力应变曲线。

In high ─ speed steel, molybdenum can replace parts of tungsten.

钼铁是钼与铁的合金，它的主要用途是在炼钢中作为钼元素的加入剂，钢中加入钼可使钢具有均匀的细晶组织，并提高钢的淬透性，有利于消除回火脆性，在高速钢中，钼可代替一部分钨，钼同其他合金元素配合在一起广泛地应用于生产不锈钢、耐热钢、耐酸钢和工具钢，以及具有特殊物理性能的合金，钼加于铸铁里可增大其强度和耐磨性。

The DLF refining station can increase heat efficiency and reduce the consumption of the ladle liner materials.

为了提高合金收得率和控制成分的准确度，成分微调所需的合金是通过在包盖特定位置设置的溜管，加到底吹氩打开的&渣眼&处，这就减少了钢水带渣造成的合金氧化损失(如图1所示)。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。