合金的

The gaseous impurities in the alloys were well controlled with the sum of C, N and O less than 500wppm. For the first time it was found the strong interaction between Cr-Ti-CON, which reduces the mobility of Ti and CON, enhancing high-temperature strength and the aging-hardening property, and keeping the cold-work induced hardening at higher temperature. Aging-hardening could increase the tensile strength of V-4Cr-4Ti by 30% and could be utilized at 00 C for better economical performane of a vanadium structure. Hydrogen release will occur for the alloys tensile loaded at room temperature, which will affect the safety of a vanadium structure due to the resulting dimensional instability. For hydrogen embrittlement, impact toughness and fracture toughness of the alloy showed higher sensitivity than the tensile test elongation,so the toughness should be used as a new standard for the assessment of the embrittlement. Vanadium alloys were easily oxidized in air.

合金的气体杂质含量得到有效控制，C、N、O总量低于500wppm；首次发现Cr-Ti-CON之间的强相互作用，它使Ti、CON的高温可移动性降低，提高合金的高温强度、增强时效强化特性、使冷加工强化保持到更高温度；时效强化可使V-4Cr-4Ti的强度提高30%，可在低温（00C）下应用，提高构件的经济性；室温下，钒合金在拉应力的作用下，存在着氢释放，带来部件使用中的尺寸不稳定性，影响构件安全；氢脆是钒合金聚变应用的一个关键问题，合金的冲击韧性和断裂韧性表现出比拉伸延伸率更强的氢脆敏感性，应作为评价合金氢脆行为的新标准。

With increasing La content, however, the phase structure of the alloys 〓(x=0.03-0.1) can be changed from C15 to C14, but that of the alloys 〓(x=0.03-0.1) has not still changed, and the second phase of both alloys decreases. Some diffluent phase appear on the surface of both alloys, because there some holes on the surface of alloys after corrasion.

结果发现，在低La含量时，两种合金均保持原有的相结构，但合金表面存在少量易溶相，在样品制备中由于腐蚀合金表面出现孔洞，合金的活化性能和放电容量得到提高。

The results showed that the second phase was refined and distributed dispersedly in the matrix of the alloy after ECAE. The refined particles could cut the soft matrix, which was useful to grain refinement during ECAE. The dispersoid distribution of the second phase could strengthen the matrix and improve mechanical properties of the alloy.

结果表明：合金中的两相组织经ECAE热挤压后被显著细化，析出的第二相弥散分布于合金基体中；细小的第二相颗粒在ECAE热挤压过程中对合金软基体起到钉扎作用，有助于细化合金的微观组织，并对合金起到了弥散强化的作用。

The microstructure of ferromagnetics for Fe-Al alloys as well as the effects of alloy elements and heat treatment on the damping behavior and mechanical properties of Fe-Al based alloys have been investigated systematically by means of optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy.

采用光学显微和扫描电子显微观察等方法，系统地研究了Fe-Al系铁磁性阻尼合金的微观组织，考察了合金元素、热处理工艺对合金阻尼性能和力学性能的影响，探讨了Fe-Al合金产生高阻尼特性的微观机制以及Fe-Al系高阻尼合金的同质和异质焊接性能。

It is shown that Mn and Ti had refined the microstructure,and formed to precipitation affluent of Mn or Ti ,which approved the performance of the Shape Memory Alloy.For a certain strain,the shape memory effect vayied functionly together with the aging time:alloy performance the best coorperative status that the martensite lathing was close and ordered,the precipitation rich of Mn and Ti dispersed orderly in the microstructure and little or even no eutectoid phase had precipited in the alloy ,in a special aging temperature and time. With the prolonger of the aging time,the different aging time affects the microstructure rulely.

结果表明：Cu-Al-X系形状记忆合金中，Mn和Ti的加入细化了组织，并且形成了富Mn和富Ti相，起到沉淀强化和弥散强化的作用；对于同一种变形量，合金在母相时效时，形状记忆效应随时效保温时间呈现规律性变化，不同时效温度下，合金对应一个不同的时效时间，此时合金的显微组织呈现最佳自协作状态，马氏体板条细密有序，富Ti和Al相均匀的弥散在组织中，合金中没有或很少有共析相出现，且随着时效时间的延长，在不同的特定温度下，Cu-24Al-3Mn-2Ti合金的组织会有规律性的变化。

It is shown that Mn and Ti had refined the microstructure, and formed to precipitation affluent of Mn or Ti, which approved the performance of the shape memory alloy. For a certain strain, the shape memory effect varyied functionly together with the aging time: alloy performance the best coorperative status that the martensite lathing was close and ordered, the precipitation rich of Mn and Ti dispersed orderly in the microstructure and little or even no eutectoid phase had precipited in the alloy, in a special aging temperature and time. With the prolonger of the aging time, the different aging time affects the microstructure rulely.

结果表明：Cu-Al-X系形状记忆合金中，Mn和Ti的加入细化了组织，并且形成了富Mn和富Ti相，起到沉淀强化和弥散强化的作用；对于同一种变形量，合金在母相时效时，形状记忆效应随时效保温时间呈现规律性变化，不同时效温度下，合金对应一个不同的时效时间，此时合金的显微组织呈现最佳自协作状态，马氏体板条细密有序，富Ti和Al相均匀的弥散在组织中，合金中没有或很少有共析相出现，且随着时效时间的延长，在不同的特定温度下，Cu-24Al-3Mn-2Ti合金的组织会有规律性的变化。

To further improve the overall properties of the alloys, the 〓 alloy having a higher discharge capacity was selected and the effect of Al substitution for Ni on the phase structure and electrochemical properties of the 〓(x=0-0.03) quinary alloys was studied.

为了进一步提高合金的综合性能，从上述研究的合金中选择了一种放电容量最高的〓合金为基础，进一步研究了在含Co合金中Al对Ni的部分替代对〓（x=0-0.03）五元合金相结构和电化学性能的影响。

At 900℃, alloy M41 and K3 display similar isothermal oxidation rates which are lower than the oxidation rates of their aluminide coatings. At 1050℃, alloy M41 has a lower isothermal oxidation rate and better scale adherence than K3, and the oxidation rates of the two alloys are higher than that of their aluminide coatings.

900℃下M41和K3合金的氧化增重近似，都比气相渗铝涂层的小，氧化膜均无明显脱落。1050℃下M41合金的氧化增重小于K3合金，氧化膜脱落较轻，K3合金氧化膜脱落严重；该温度下两合金的氧化增重都大于渗铝涂层。

The friction and wear experiments results show that sticking wear takes place during the friction procedure, which results in the poor wear-resisting property of ternary eutectic alloys, due to the low quantity of hard particle of primary phase SnSb; the wear-resisting property of rapidly-solidified Pb-15wt%Sn-15wt%Sb ternary hypereutectic alloys is better than that of as cast ternary hypereutectic alloys.

摩擦磨损实验结果表明，由于三元共晶合金中作为硬质点的初生相SnSb的数量很少，所以在摩擦过程中发生了粘着磨损，导致合金耐磨性能较差；而Pb-15wt%Sn-15wt%Sb三元过共晶合金快速凝固合金的耐磨性能比普通铸态合金的耐磨性能好。

It is found that the electric, field improves elongations in 2090 and 2090+Ce alloys markedly, especially in 2090 alloy, but has little effect on strengths. At the same time, the electric field lessenes percentages of intergranular delamination and increases transgranular fracture and microscopic plastic deformation.

研究表明：固溶电场可显著提高2090合金及2090+Ce合金的延伸率，尤其是对2090合金，但对强度则无明显的影响；同时，固溶电场减少合金的沿晶分层断裂比例，并增加穿晶断裂及微区塑性变形；固溶电场还使合金时效后δ′相颗粒的平均尺寸减小、尺寸分布范围减小，并使PFZ的宽度减小。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。