合金

The results point out that the values of kinetic parameters are altered with the addition of Ti and C, which change the crystallization type from difficult nucleation and easy growth pattern to easy nucleation and difficult growth pattern, and this difficult nucleation and easy growth pattern may be the main reason why fine and even microstructure is gained in Ti and C doped alloys.The influences of Nd content, B content, partial substitution of Nd by Pr on the microstructure and magnetic properties have also been researched.

文章从动力学理论的观点揭示了合金显微结构与合金晶化动力学特性之间的关系，指出Ti和C添加改变了Nd9.4Fe79.6B11合金晶相析出时的动力学参量值，使合金晶化时晶相的析出方式由难形核易长大型加热管转变为易形核难长大型，这种易形核而难长大的晶化动力学特征，是Ti和C添加合金获得细小均匀的纳米晶结构的根本原因。

To further improve the overall properties of the alloys, the 〓 alloy having a higher discharge capacity was selected and the effect of Al substitution for Ni on the phase structure and electrochemical properties of the 〓(x=0-0.03) quinary alloys was studied.

为了进一步提高合金的综合性能，从上述研究的合金中选择了一种放电容量最高的〓合金为基础，进一步研究了在含Co合金中Al对Ni的部分替代对〓（x=0-0.03）五元合金相结构和电化学性能的影响。

It can be concluded that there are twice recalescence in solidification process of Cu-20%Pb hypomonotectic alloy with undercooling in the range of 0K to 238K.

合金熔体深过冷凝固行为在固溶体类合金[1，2]、共晶类合金[3，4]、包晶类合金[5，6]和偏晶类合金等方面都有研究。

The system of phase equilibrium data of the Fe-Cu base alloy is established relatively, the spinodal decomposition range of the Fe-Cu base alloy is calculated utilizing Thermo-Calc software, The composition range of the spinodal decomposition of the Fe-Cu base alloy is prognosticated with more accuracy; The self-formed mechanism of egg-type microstructure of the Fe-Cu base alloy with spinodal decomposition in the liquid-phase region under gravity conditions is theoretically investigated. Based on the analysis and calculation of interfacial tensile stress induced by the temperature gradient in the process of solidification, the theoretical results interpret preferably the self-formed mechanism of egg-type microstructure of the Fe-Cu base alloy through the analyzing of force states of metallic droplet in the rapid solidification.

建立了较为完整的铁铜基合金系的相平衡数据体系，利用Thermo-Calc软件对铁铜基合金系的液相调幅分解成分范围进行了计算，较准确地对铁铜基合金系的液相调幅分解成分范围进行了预测；从理论上对液相调幅分解型铁铜合金卵型结构的形成机理进行了研究，基于凝固过程中由温度梯度所导致的界面张力的分析与计算，通过考察快速凝固过程中金属液滴受力情况，较好地解释了液相调幅分解型铁铜合金卵型结构的自形成机理。

When the pouring temperature is close to the liquidus temperature of AlSi7Mgalloy, the primary α-Alin the billets of AlSi7Mg alloy solidifies into spherical or nodular grainswhich are small and distributed homogeneously. In order to obtain non-dendritic semi-solidbillets,the appropriate pouring temperature is 615℃. The faster cooling rate,the melt flowing and largersolidification region induced by the near liquidus pouring temperature promotes theformation of spherical or nodular primary α-Al.

实验表明：当浇注温度接近液相线温度时，AlSi7Mg合金中的初生α-Al凝固成球状或粒状，晶粒细小，分布均匀；获得球状或粒状AlSi7Mg合金半固态坯料的最佳浇注温度为615℃；在接近液相线温度下浇注，较快的合金熔体冷却速度、浇注引起的合金熔体活动和大范围的同时凝固促使AlSi7Mg合金形成球状或粒状的初生α-Al组织。

At 900℃, alloy M41 and K3 display similar isothermal oxidation rates which are lower than the oxidation rates of their aluminide coatings. At 1050℃, alloy M41 has a lower isothermal oxidation rate and better scale adherence than K3, and the oxidation rates of the two alloys are higher than that of their aluminide coatings.

900℃下M41和K3合金的氧化增重近似，都比气相渗铝涂层的小，氧化膜均无明显脱落。1050℃下M41合金的氧化增重小于K3合金，氧化膜脱落较轻，K3合金氧化膜脱落严重；该温度下两合金的氧化增重都大于渗铝涂层。

In order to find a technique that can obviously improve the strength of magnesium-lithium alloy ,an alpha-beta biphase coexistent magnesium-lithium alloy was designed according to the Mg-Li phase diagram and the effect of Al.

为了找到一种可以显著提高镁锂合金强度的工艺，根据镁-锂二元合金相图及铝元素在合金中的作用，设计了一种α、β两相共存的镁锂合金(Mg-6Li-3Al)，并进行了挤压和轧制；用光学显微镜和X射线衍射仪对合金不同状态的组织及性能进行了研究。

In this paper, the electroplating of bright Zn-Ni alloy process was studied, the effect of (1-hydroxy ethylidene diphosphonate acid coordinating agent, chloride content, [Zn2+]/[Ni2+] mole ratio, cathode current density, temperature, a class of aldehyde compound (abbreviated as ZNP additive agent) and supplementary coordinating agent on Ni content, and brightness of plating layer was discussed, the physical phase of alloy plating layer and stability of plating solution were determined.

研究了用有机多膦酸盐作络合剂，ZNP作添加剂电镀光亮锌镍合金，探讨了络合剂、氯化物含量、[Zn2+]/[Ni2+]比、阳极电流密度、温度、辅助络合剂对合金中镍含量的影响，测定了合金镀层中物相组成及镀液稳定性，通过筛选得出最佳最镀光亮锌镍合金的镀液组成及工艺条件，并讨论了锌镍合金的异常共沉积机理。

Through designing of composition and structure of the bioactive graded coating,innerstress and its distribution in the coating were analyzed and calculated, the resultsshowed that when composition distribution coefficient n was 1.5, a reasonable stressdistribution could be got, that was at the beginning of deposition the suspension containingrichly BG granules was used so that a rich BG granules layer, a good transitional layerbetween BG layer at the bottom and the coating could be obtained at the titanium alloy side,the bottom of the coating; the stress value near the interface and surface and its character,pressure stress or tensile stress, were decided by the character of its composition itself.Changing composition distribution coefficient n could only change the variation tendency ofstress in the coating, but did not change the stress distribution rule in the coating. Thethinner the coating is, the sharper stress variation in the coating is, which does not mean thatthicker coating is better because the thicker the coating is, the little the permitteddeformation of coating is, so the coating thickness should be thinner, for example, about50μm for bending applications, but for applications only bearing pure shear stress, such asroot of tooth implant, the coating can be thicker little, for instance, about 80～100μm. The study on electrification characteristic and electrophoresis deposition of HAand BG granules in aqueous and non-aqueous solution system found that EPD almost didn'toccur in aqueous solution system. However, because HA granules take position charges inabsolute alcohol, a homogeneous EPD be carried out on the cathode titanium alloy slice, but taking negative charge in absolute alcohol the BG granules not be deposited on the cathode. A guided HA crystallizing, 100～300nm, on surface of the BG granules be realized by metathetical reaction, which cover BG granules with HA microcrystals and make the covered BG granules taking position charges in absolute alcohol, sequentially realize the EPCD of the BG and HA granules on the cathode, so it is feasible to make a titanium alloy/BG/HA bioactive graded coating by making use of EPCD technology. The corrosion experiment of rich boron bioglass coating and plasma spray coating showed that split phase, rich boron and rich silicon phase, occurred during its preparation. In basic medium the corrosion behavior of 〓 BG coating showed uniformity corrosion, the corrosion mostly occurred at rich boron phase area, therefore batch formula design of BGshould avoid the occurring of split phase. The corrosion appearance of plasma spray coatingappeared a non-uniform corrosion, mostly occurred at the edge of the laminated HA moltendrops, and emerged an accelerated corrosion tendency, which will easyly lead to corrosioncrackles extending to the interface and the happening of osmotic interfacial corrosion, thatmay be one of the major reasons leading to the coating cracking-off in the later period. Thetesting results of thermal expansion coefficient of 〓 and 〓BG showed the thermalexpansion coefficient of 〓 BG matched with that of titanium alloy better, and 〓 BG couldsinter with titanium alloy into densification enamel layer at low temperature (720℃).

将Ti6Al4V合金在1000℃下进行真空热处理会降低其力学性能，且合金内的V元素会向表面富集，因此，钛合金真空热处理和表面涂层的烧结温度不能过高，即应低于其相转变点；通过对生物活性梯度涂层的组成和结构的设计，分析和计算了梯度涂层内的应力大小和分布，结果表明：对于本研究，当成分分布系数n=1.5时，可以获得较合理的涂层力学性能，即在沉积开始时，采用富含BG颗粒的悬浮液，以便在钛合金侧获得同底层BG有良好过渡的富BG涂层；梯度涂层界面和表面的应力大小、性质由材料组成本身的性质决定，改变成分分布系数，只能改变涂层内应力变化的趋势；涂层的厚薄不影响涂层内的应力分布规律，但涂层越薄，涂层内的应力变化越快，但这并不意味着涂层越厚越好，因为涂层越厚，涂层允许的变形越小，对于应用于弯曲受力部位的涂层而言，涂层应薄一点为好(50μm)；而对于仅纯受剪切应力的部位，如牙根种植体，涂层可适当加厚(80～100μm)；通过对HA和BG颗粒在水溶液体系和非水溶液体系中的带电特性和电泳沉积的研究发现，它们在水溶液体系中很难发生电沉积；在无水乙醇溶液中，HA颗粒带正电，可在阴极钛合金片上发生均匀的电泳沉积，而BG颗粒则带负电荷；利用复分解反应法，可以制得100～300nm的HA，通过诱导HA在BG颗粒表面结晶，可对BG颗粒进行表面包覆，获得了被HA包覆的BG颗粒，改变了BG颗粒表面的带电特性，使BG和HA颗粒在无水乙醇中均带上正电荷，从而实现了HA和BG颗粒在阴极上的共沉积。

The formation of secondary phase in the non-equilibrium peritectic reaction was observed by precise transmission electron microscopy analysis. The microstructural evolution and phase selection regularities under different solidification velocities were constructed from the laser resolidification experiments. A new phenomenon involving two-phase coupled growth was firstly detected in the rapidly solidified Ti-Al peritectic alloy. The Ti-45Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy with fully lamellar structure ( a 2+ g ) was taken as an object to investigate the possible preparation of bulky metastable g phase materials based on both adjusting the competing nucleation relation and changing the growth kinetics condition.

首先通过过冷合金微观组织分析界定了各包晶合金熔体中各竞争相以初生相出现的过冷度区间；结合高温区的相图计算，从各相形核孕育时间角度揭示了过冷熔体中亚稳相与稳定相的竞争形核关系；通过精细微观组织分析，阐明了远离平衡时包晶反应中次生相的形成机理；在激光重凝快速凝固实验中建立了不同凝固速度下合金的组织与相形成规律，并对包晶合金中两相共生生长行为进行了深入分析；最后选取初生相为 a 的全层片 Ti-45Al-2Cr-2Nb 合金，从调整各相竞争形核关系和改变晶体生长动力学条件两个方面探索了块状亚稳 g 相材料的制备和控制。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。