合金

Sb can combine with Cu and P to form a low melting point compound which lowers the melting point of binary Cu-8P eutectic alloy by nearly 200℃. Bi and Cu can create compounds with low melting point(270℃) distributing at the boundaries and that is the reason why the melting point of (Cu-8P)-Bi is lower than that of binary Cu-8P eutectic alloy. The eutectic cluster can be refined with the addition of Fe, and that is the reason why the addition of Fe can decrease the melting point of Cu-8P alloy. Two means of decreasing the melting point of Cu-8P are found.

一定量的Sb与Cu， P形成低熔点相，从而大幅降低了Cu-8P合金的熔点，使其熔点降低近200℃；加入少量Bi后， Bi与Cu在共晶团晶界上形成熔点为270℃左右的低熔点化合物，且Bi的加入明显细化Cu-8P合金共晶团，从而使Cu-8P合金的熔点降低；加入Fe能明显细化Cu-8P合金的共晶团，使层片间距由8μm减为2μm以下，并使共晶团由层片状向短棒状转变，虽然Fe与Cu形成熔点为806℃的高温相，但Fe的细化作用使得Cu-8P合金的熔点降低，但降低幅度不大。

The results show that the flow stress decreases with increasing deforming temperature and increases with increasing strain rate. The flow stress of the alloy during hot compression deformation can be described by constitutive equation in hyperbolic sine function with a hot deformation activation energy of 196.27 kJ/mol. Partial recystallization takes place in the alloys deformed at a high temperature or at a low strain rate, and large number of dislocations and subgrains are observed in the alloy. The elongated grains observed in the samples coarsen with increasing temperature and decreasing strain rate. Correspondingly, the subgrain size increases and the dislocation density decreases. The main soften mechanism of the alloy transforms from dynamic recovery to dynamic recrystallization.

结果表明：Al-Cu-Mg-Ag耐热铝合金在热压缩变形中的流变应力随着温度的升高而减小，随着应变速率的增大而增大；该合金的热压缩变形流变应力行为可用双曲正弦形式的本构方程来描述，其变形激活能为196.27kJ/mol；在变形温度较高或应变速率较低的合金中发生部分再结晶，并且在合金组织中存在大量的位错和亚晶；随着温度的升高和应变速率的降低，合金中拉长的晶粒发生粗化，亚晶尺寸增大，位错密度减小，合金的主要软化机制逐步由动态回复转变为动态再结晶。

The results showed that the second phase was refined and distributed dispersedly in the matrix of the alloy after ECAE. The refined particles could cut the soft matrix, which was useful to grain refinement during ECAE. The dispersoid distribution of the second phase could strengthen the matrix and improve mechanical properties of the alloy.

结果表明：合金中的两相组织经ECAE热挤压后被显著细化，析出的第二相弥散分布于合金基体中；细小的第二相颗粒在ECAE热挤压过程中对合金软基体起到钉扎作用，有助于细化合金的微观组织，并对合金起到了弥散强化的作用。

The microstructure of ferromagnetics for Fe-Al alloys as well as the effects of alloy elements and heat treatment on the damping behavior and mechanical properties of Fe-Al based alloys have been investigated systematically by means of optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy.

采用光学显微和扫描电子显微观察等方法，系统地研究了Fe-Al系铁磁性阻尼合金的微观组织，考察了合金元素、热处理工艺对合金阻尼性能和力学性能的影响，探讨了Fe-Al合金产生高阻尼特性的微观机制以及Fe-Al系高阻尼合金的同质和异质焊接性能。

It is indicated that the damping of the alloy is induced by phase interface slipping or grain boundary viscous sliding, the infinitesimal plastic deformation which is caused by the difference of elastic modules and heat expansion coefficients between phases of the alloy.

结果表明： ZA27-4%Si合金阻尼随频率增大而减小，随温度升高而增大，阻尼不随应变振幅的变化而变化； ZA27-4%Si合金室温阻尼为5.83×10-3，与ZA27合金阻尼相当； ZA27-4%Si合金的阻尼是由合金内部的晶界和相界面滑动、位错振动以及各相的热膨胀系数和弹性模量间差造成的微塑性变形共同造成的。

Seven experimental Monel K-500 alloy were prepared with various addition schemes. The microstructures of seven experimental alloys in hot roll condition were examined, which showed no obviously difference. However, after solution treatment, the grains of the Mg added 2〓 alloy grew apparently, which are much bigger than the grain size of standard Monel K-500 alloy with no additive. It implies that the minor Mg element had purified the grain boundary.

7种合金在轧制状态时的显微组织并无明显的差别，但经固溶热处理后，加Mg的2〓合金的晶粒明显长大，大于未加微量元素的MonelK-500合金的晶粒，显示Mg在合金中有净化晶界的作用，但同时添加了Mg、Cr、Co元素的6〓合金，它们的共同作用使晶粒长大的阻力又增加了。

In the investigation of Cu-Zn-Al SMA, the influence of quenching speed, shape memory thermal treatment on SME, microstructure and morphologies was discussed. The changes in morphology and interfaces were in situ metallographic observed during thermal cyclings in order to control the degradation of two way shape memory effect . The stabilization of stress induced martensite variants method and the accordingly changes in microstructure were studied in detail. The mechanism was also compared between SSIM and TWME training method. From the above in situ observation results, the interface structure and especially the twin related A: B type variant pair were examined by HREM to clarify the role of movability of interfaces and the changes in variants orientation in inducing the degradation of the TWME. During developing the Ni-Ti-Hf SMA melt spinning ribbon, it was found the morphology and structure embodied the SME and was directly effected by chemical composition and technique factors, such as the different content of Hf, the speed of copper roller rotation and etc. Therefore, the morphology and structure were extensively examined.

在对Cu-Zn-Al形状记忆合金研究中，研究了提高记忆效应的热处理淬火速度、记忆热处理方式对Cu-Zn-Al形状记忆合金组织结构的影响；为了弄清双程记忆效应衰减的原因，原位动态观察了热循环过程中，合金组织形貌及界面的变化；因形状记忆合金必须经记忆训练才能具有双程记忆效应，系统地研究了应力诱发马氏体稳定化训练方法和这种方法引起的双程记忆合金组织结构的变化，比较了它与双程记忆效应训练方法诱发TWME机制的异同；因在原位动态观察中发现界面可动性及两侧变体取向的变化，伴随着记忆效应的衰减，用HREM详细研究了变体的界面结构，特别是A：B型变体界面结构及变体内部结构。

Crystal structure was identified by X-ray diffractometer using Cu Kαradiation at room temperature.

稀土元素对合金晶体结构没有影响；添加稀土元素显著提高了合金的相变温度，使合金的相变热滞后稍有降低，同时对合金的居里温度影响不大；添加稀土元素合金的晶粒明显细化，改善了合金的机械性能。

For the purpose to study its critical issues for fusion application, many kinds of V-W-Cr-Ti-Al alloys were developed, and were used for studies of recovery and recrystallization, aging behavior and precipitation hardening, high-temperature mechanical performance, effects of H on mechanical properties and hydrogen enbrittlement, H release behavior and oxidation behavior at elevated temperature. Mechanizms for the behaviors were analyzed and the relationship between chemical composition, microstructure and properties was established.

为研究其聚变应用关键问题，本项目研制了多种V-W-Cr-Ti-Al合金，利用它们完成了合金的回复和再结晶、时效行为和析出强化、高温力学性能、氢对合金力学性能的影响及氢脆、氢释放行为、高温氧化行为等研究，分析了合金的行为机理，建立起了合金性能与化学成份、微观组织结构的关系，是以后研制更高性能合金的基础。

The results show that the temperature of the alloy gradually decreases from the casting mouth to the exit in the roll-shoe gap, and the isothermal line deviates from the shoe side to the roll side.

结果表明：辊靴型腔内合金的温度从入口至出口逐渐降低，合金等温线向工作辊偏移；随着浇注温度的降低，辊靴型腔内半固态区间逐渐增大；为了获得优良的半固态金属浆料，确定浇注温度为710~770 ℃；合金在辊靴型腔内层流运动时，越靠近工作辊内表面，合金的运动速度越快；随着挤压模具扩展角的增大，挤压模具出口型材宽度上中心与两侧边部合金的温度差减小；半固态合金进入模具后呈辐射状逐层向前推进填充模具扩展腔，最后再逐渐向模具出口合拢；为了改善模腔内金属流动速度的不均匀性，扩展角以45为宜。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷