合金

The gaseous impurities in the alloys were well controlled with the sum of C, N and O less than 500wppm. For the first time it was found the strong interaction between Cr-Ti-CON, which reduces the mobility of Ti and CON, enhancing high-temperature strength and the aging-hardening property, and keeping the cold-work induced hardening at higher temperature. Aging-hardening could increase the tensile strength of V-4Cr-4Ti by 30% and could be utilized at 00 C for better economical performane of a vanadium structure. Hydrogen release will occur for the alloys tensile loaded at room temperature, which will affect the safety of a vanadium structure due to the resulting dimensional instability. For hydrogen embrittlement, impact toughness and fracture toughness of the alloy showed higher sensitivity than the tensile test elongation,so the toughness should be used as a new standard for the assessment of the embrittlement. Vanadium alloys were easily oxidized in air.

合金的气体杂质含量得到有效控制，C、N、O总量低于500wppm；首次发现Cr-Ti-CON之间的强相互作用，它使Ti、CON的高温可移动性降低，提高合金的高温强度、增强时效强化特性、使冷加工强化保持到更高温度；时效强化可使V-4Cr-4Ti的强度提高30%，可在低温（00C）下应用，提高构件的经济性；室温下，钒合金在拉应力的作用下，存在着氢释放，带来部件使用中的尺寸不稳定性，影响构件安全；氢脆是钒合金聚变应用的一个关键问题，合金的冲击韧性和断裂韧性表现出比拉伸延伸率更强的氢脆敏感性，应作为评价合金氢脆行为的新标准。

The dispersoid distribution of the second phase could strengthen the surface of the alloy, which decreased the quantity of abrasive particles. The wear volume of the alloy was decreased. The hardness and strength of the alloy were increased after ECAE. The resistance of deformation was improved and the depth and width of furrows were decreased due to the increase of hardness and strength. As a result, the wear-resistance and tribological properties of the alloy were improved after ECAE.

ECAE热挤压处理显著细化了铝青铜合金的微观组织，弥散分布的第二相对合金起到强化作用，减少了剥落磨粒的数量，降低了合金的磨损量；ECAE热挤压处理的铝青铜合金组织细小，强度和硬度高，提高了合金抵抗塑性变形能力，减轻了磨粒对合金表面的犁削作用，提高了合金的摩擦磨损性能。

Calculations of the density of alloys based on Bernal-type models of the alloys metal component agreed fairly well with the experimentally determined values from measurements on alloys consisting of a noble metal together with a metalloid,such as alloys of palladium and silicon,or alloys consisting of iron,phosphorus,and carbon,although small discrepancies remained.

以伯纳尔所建立的旨在研究合金中金属成分的那类模型为基础，研究人员对合金密度进行了计算，这些计算相当程度上与某些合金测量中通过实验确定的数据趋於一致，尽管一些细小的差异依然存在。实验中测量的那类合金由一贵金属和一准金属构成，例如，钯和的合金，或由铁、磷、和碳组成的合金。

When Ts is 850 ℃,grains are fined and the size of βphase and the distance betweenβphase pasticles are small.The corrosion barrier effect ofβ phase onαphase is enhanced and the iron content does not increase much at this temperature.So the corrosion resistance is improved.The corrosion resistance of AZ70 alloy falls off when Ts is 890 ℃,which attributes to the presence of microporosity,hot cracking and increase of iron content.

过热温度为810 ℃时，热速处理对合金耐腐蚀性能的改善作用并不大；过热温度为850 ℃时，热速处理显著细化了合金晶粒，β相的尺寸和间距变小，β相对α相腐蚀的阻碍作用增加，而且合金中的铁含量并没有提高，从而改善了合金在试验条件下的耐腐蚀性能；过热温度为890 ℃时，组织中存在热裂纹和显微疏松缺陷，合金含铁量显著增高，合金的耐腐蚀性能下降。

The results show that constitutional phases in the 〓 alloy is the same as that in the 〓 alloy, but phase composition and transformation temperatures of two alloys are quite different. The Ms temperature of the 〓 alloy is lower than-180℃. In order to enable the alloy to be used for making pipe couplings, it is necessary to control Al addition and to increase Ti addition in the alloy. In the 〓 alloy, there exist three constitutional phases: TiNi matrix phase with B19′structure,β-Ta phase and NiTa〓 phase. Transformation temperatures, M〓, Ms, As and A〓, of the alloy are 55℃, 66℃, 94℃ and 109℃, respectively.

结果表明，〓合金显微组织的相组成物与〓合金一样，但相成分明显不同，相变温度相差较大，其Ms温度低于-180℃，要想使该系合金用于制作记忆合金管接头，必须控制铝的添加量并提高合金中的钛含量使合金的Ms温度控制在-80℃～-100℃之间；〓合金是由具有B19'结构的TiNi基体相、β—Ta固溶体和NiTa〓化合物三相组成的，其相变温度M〓、Ms、As和A〓分别为：55℃、66℃、94℃和109℃。

Consequently, the improvement of cycle life is described as the partial substitution of Zr for Mg in the alloy.

XRD结构分析表明：主相仍为Mg↓2Ni； Zr替代Mg使合金的微晶结构发生了改变，趋于非晶化；添加Zr的合金的容量比由扩散法合成的合金的容量有所提高；合金中添加Zr，提高了电极的放电容量，增大了放电平台；特别是Zr 对六方晶系Mg2Ni合金结构中Mg的部分取代大幅度提高了电极的循环寿命，未经任何处理的 Mg1.4Zr0.6Ni合金电极经25个循环后，放电容量仅衰减4.11%，表明添加Zr对提高合金的循环寿命具有重要的作用。

Electrochemical measurements of the singler A2B7 and A5B19 phase alloy showed that, the activation properties of singler type A2B7 and AsB19 phase composition alloys were the same. The maximum discharge capacity (386.12mAh/g) of A2B7 type phase alloy was slightly higher than the maximum discharge capacity (371.38mAh/g) of A5B19 type phase alloy. The cyclic stability of alloy electrode of both A2B7 and A5B19-type phase alloy were all very well. The capacity retention rate of 100 cyclic was more than 85%.The high-rate discharge (HRD900=85%) of AsB19phase alloy was higher than the high-rate discharge (HRD900=76.6%) of A2B7phase alloy.

对较单一的A2B7与A5B19型物相合金进行电化学测试，结果表明：A2B7型相结构储氢合金的活化次数与A5B19型相结构储氢合金的活化次数基本相同，A2B7型物相合金的最大放电容量(386.12mAh/g)略高于A5B19型物相合金的最大放电容量(371.38mAh/g)。A2B7与A5B19型物相合金电极100个循环容量保持率都在85%以上，且差别不大。A5B19型相结构合金的高倍率放电性能(HRD900=85%)高于A2B7型相结构合金的高倍率放电性能(HRD900=76.6%)。

The results show that Fe0.13[Co20Ni80]0.87 alloy fibers are characterized with thin diameters between 0.3 and 2.0 μm, with high aspect ratio, dense and smooth surfaces. The crystalline size of the alloy fibers are mainly influenced by the thermal reduction temperature and are in the range of 20 to 50 nm with a corresponding reduction temperature range of 300 to 700 ℃. The magnetic properties of the alloy fibers are largely affected by the carbon content and crystalline sizes of the alloy fibers. With increasing thermal reduction temperature, the coercivity decreases while the saturation magnetisation value of the alloy fibers dramatically increases at lower reduction temperatures. The alloy fibers prepared at reduction temperature of 700 ℃ have a saturation magnetisation value of 120 Am2/kg and a coercivity value of 10.4 kA/m, respectively.

结果表明：Fe0.13[Co20Ni80]0.87合金纤维的直径为0.3~2.0 μm，表面光滑、长径比大；组成合金纤维的晶粒大小与还原温度密切相关，当温度为300~700 ℃时，晶粒尺寸由约20 nm增加到约50 nm；该合金纤维显铁磁性，其矫顽力主要受合金中C含量及晶粒大小的影响，随制备温度的升高而降低；饱和磁化强度则主要与合金的组分相关，随还原温度的升高和合金纯度的提高而增大；经700 ℃热还原后，合金纤维的饱和磁化强度 m s为120 Am2/kg，矫顽力 H c为10.4 kA/m。

In this thesis, the phase diagram of Zn-Al binary system on 10~69.5 w% was reinvestigated by using differential scanning calorimeter, X-ray diffraction and pushrod dilatometer. The process of isothermal transformation during the aging of high-Aluminum-Zinc-based alloy was studied by using differential scanning calorimetry, and the aging behavior of the alloy was analyzed at the aspect of thermal analysis kinetics. The change of microstructure which the alloy was being heated was observed on high-temperature metallurgical microscope. The microstructure and wear-friction properties were compared among the alloys treated with several different heat treatment processes, and a model for heat treatment processes was proposed based on artificial neural network,so as to predict the relationship between friction coefficient and parameters of aging treatment such as aging temperature and time.

本文采用高温X射线衍射、示差扫描量热分析、热膨胀等方法重新测定含锌量范围为10％～69.5％的Zn-Al系二元相图，利用示差扫描量热分析法，研究高铝锌基合金时效等温转变过程，并从热分析动力学的角度分析高铝锌基合金合金时效行为；使用高温金相显微镜观察合金加热时的组织变化；比较几种不同热处理工艺对高铝锌基合金显微组织与耐磨性能的影响并利用人工神经网络建立高铝锌基合金热处理工艺模型，预测合金摩擦系数随时效温度及时间变化规律。

Grain boundary slidings happen in this alloy at the creep temperature of 200 ℃ and the deformation of this alloy is coordinated by intragranular slip and grain boundary sliding.

结果表明：在125~200 ℃蠕变温度下，当蠕变寿命接近100 h时，2024铝合金的蠕变应力随着温度的升高明显下降；与125 ℃相比，150 ℃时合金的蠕变应力下降9.3%，在175 ℃时合金的蠕变应力下降30.3%；当蠕变温度为200 ℃时，该合金的蠕变应力下降幅度达到45.8%；在125~175 ℃下，合金在蠕变过程中的变形机制主要为位错在晶内的滑移；在200℃时，合金晶界开始发生滑移，合金变形由晶界滑移与位错在晶内的滑移协调完成；在合金蠕变断面上存在大量微孔，随着蠕变温度的升高，微孔的尺寸明显变大，当微孔尺寸超过3 μm时，微孔对合金的断裂机制有显著影响；在125和150 ℃下，合金的蠕变断口呈现韧窝型穿晶断裂特征；在175和200 ℃下，合金的蠕变断口呈现沿晶断裂特征。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。