合成代谢的

Essential fatty acids are important for cell membrane function, cholesterol metabolism and the synthesis of various metabolites.

必需脂肪酸是重要的细胞膜功能，胆固醇代谢和合成的各种代谢产物。

Metabolic pathway analysis for this strain showed that pentose and hexose could be transferred to succinic acid and other byproducts including acetic acid and α-ketoglutaric acid.

对菌株的代谢途径分析表明细胞具有五、六碳糖代谢酶系，以及在大量合成丁二酸的同时也产生少量乙酸、α-酮戊二酸等副产物。

Given the known reaction mechanism and general chemical considerations, we propose that nicotine, when used as the carbon source by P. putida J5, is catabolized to pyruvic acid via pyrrolidine pathway and then participates in the synthesis of vitamin pantothenate and CoA, which supply the energy for the normal functioning.

通过对突变位点基因的功能分析推测，假单胞杆菌可以将尼古丁代谢为2，5-二羟基吡啶，而2，5-二羟基吡啶可以进一步转化为丁烯二酸和丙酮酸，进而参与了泛酸和 CoA 的合成，为生理代谢提供基质。

The identified proteins were divided into two following categories: one is regulatory proteins, for example, caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferas, HSP70, glyoxalase I , actin, and so on. They are involved in protein biosynthesis and processing, cellular structural organization and stress responses. The other is function proteins, for instance, ascorbate peroxidase, cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase, cytosolic phosphoglycerate kinase, S-adenosyl methionine synthetase, ATP synthase, and so on. They are involved in photosynthesis, photorespiration, redox homeostasis, and metabolisms.

通过分析可以将这些差异蛋白分为两大类：第一类是调节性蛋白，如咖啡酸三氧转甲基酶，热激蛋白70，醛酮变位酶I，肌动蛋白等，它们主要参与蛋白质的合成和加工、胁迫响应、细胞骨架稳定等过程；第二类是功能性蛋白，如抗坏血酸过氧化物酶，细胞质苹果酸脱氢酶，细胞质磷酸甘油酸激酶，S-腺苷蛋氨酸合成酶，ATP合酶等，它们则参与氧化还原平衡、光合作用、光呼吸和各种代谢等过程。

Therefore, the metabolic pathway from soybean oil to erythromycin was presumed as follows: soybean oil is metabolized into TCA pathway to generate much α??ketoglutaric acid and then generate succinyl??

推测豆油经过红色糖多孢菌代谢后进入红霉素合成的一条可能途径：豆油经过代谢后进入TCA循环，并强化了TCA循环的通量，产生了大量α？

Fluorouracil is a kind of popular antimetabolic drug used in clinic. It has the similar structure with Uralic, which is necessary to the cancer cell. It contents with Uralic in the same enzyme system, block the metabolic link, impeds the synthesis of DNA, and then prohibits the propagation of the cancer cells .

5-氟尿嘧啶(5-Fu)是一种在临床上已为人们所熟知的抗瘤谱广，有效率高的抗代谢药物，它的结构与肿瘤细胞代谢所必需的尿嘧啶相类似，在同一系统中互相竞争，阻断代谢环节，阻碍DNA的合成，从而抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖。

Chalcone synthase gene is one of the key genes in phenylpropanoids pathway for producing flavonoids,isoflavonoids,anthocyanin and other secondary metabolism products in plants. It plays important roles in the physiological and biochemic progress of pigment synthesis,defense response and plant fertility.

查尔酮合成酶基因是苯丙氨酸代谢途径中的关键基因，在类黄酮类物质合成中扮演着重要的角色，调控着色素合成、防御反应、植物育性等生理生化过程，对植物的生长发育起着至关重要的作用。

GSK-3βis now recognized as not only a key rate-limiting enzyme of glycogen metabolic process, which phosphorylats hepatic glycogen synthase and makes it devitalize by insuline regulation, but also plays an important role in at least three signal transductory systems, namely, the Wnt/wingless, PI3'-kinase and Hedgehog pathways,which influence cellular processes, such as protein synthesis, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell motility and apoptosis.

GSK-3β是糖原代谢过程中的重要限速酶，除了可以在胰岛素调控下磷酸化肝糖原合成酶并使之失活外，GSK-3β还在多个重要信号通路中扮演了关键角色，例如Wnt/β-catenin pathway，PI3K/AKT pathway，Hedgehog pathway，在蛋白合成、细胞增殖、细胞分化、细胞运动、细胞凋亡以及肿瘤发生等方面都扮演了重要角色。

The aldo-keto reductase superfamily consists of a large group of enzymes that play important roles in cellular metabolism, inflammatory responses, osmoregulation, endobiotic and xenobiotic detoxification, hormone synthesis and action, metabolic regulation and reproduction etc.

AKR 超家族是在细胞代谢、免疫/炎症应答、渗透调控、细胞解毒、激素合成、生殖发育与代谢调控等生命活动中扮演着重要角色的一大组蛋白酶。

We found the relationship among starch metabolism, metabolisms of other components and gene expressing profiling due to the accumulation of sugar. Then, genes expression patterns of starch biosynthesis in leaves and developing endosperms of 5 maize inbreds were studied for the contribution of different genes to starch biosynthesis in endosperm.

为深入了解玉米淀粉合成的分子调控机理，本研究首先以B73、ae/wx和sh1授粉后15天的胚乳为材料，利用18K Affymetrix玉米基因组芯片平台，研究了突变体材料中基因表达谱的变化，发现了淀粉合成受阻后糖的积累对其它物质代谢和基因表达调控的影响；在此基础上，对可能参与淀粉合成的基因以多个自交系为材料，分析它们在叶片和胚乳发育过程中的表达模式，研究了不同成员对胚乳淀粉合成的贡献。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失