合成代谢的

When 2.0 g/L of malate was added to the fermentation medium, the metabolic flux of byproducts L-Ala and lactic acid decreased by 22.1% and 16.5%. At the same time, the metabolic channeled to EMP and glyoxyl circle decreased by 2.26% and 9.09%. However, the metabolic flux channeled to HMP increased by 2.26%.The metabolic flux channeled to the L-glutamic acid synthesis pathway increased from 73.59% to 79.92%.

在L-谷氨酸发酵中、后期添加2.0 g/L苹果酸后，合成副产物L-丙氨酸和乳酸的代谢流量明显减少，分别降低了22.1%和16.5%，EMP途径和乙醛酸循环的代谢流分别减少了2.26%和9.09%，HMP途径的代谢流增加了2.26%，而L-谷氨酸生物合成的代谢流从73.59%增长至79.92%，较未添加前提高了6.33%。

Investigation of major metabolic pathways of SFZ-47 in animals The metabolites of SFZ-47 in rabbit urine following oral administration were separated and detected with HPLC and LC-MS methods. On the basis of the chromatographic behavior and mass spectra of the metabolites as well as biotransformation pathways of drugs with the partial structure of SFZ-47, the hydroxylic derivative 4-(3H-1, 2- dihydro-1-pyrrolizinone-2-methylamino benzyl alcohol and the carboxylic derivative 4-(3H-1, 2-dihydro-1-pyrrolizinone-2-methylamino benzoic acid of SFZ-47 were proposed as two potential metabolites and were synthesized.

在动物体内主要代谢途径的确定用HPLC和LC-MS对家兔口服SFZ-47后尿中的代谢物进行了分离、检测，根据代谢产物的色谱和质谱行为以及与SFZ-47有类似结构部分的其它药物的代谢途径，推测其羟基衍生物[4-（3H-1，2-二氢-1-吡咯里嗪酮-2-甲基胺基）苯甲醇]与羧基衍生物[4-（3H-1，2-二氢-1-吡咯里嗪酮-2-甲基胺基）苯甲酸]是两种可能的代谢产物，遂用化学方法合成了这两种衍生物。

Most of the studies have demonstr ated that glutamine serves metabolic roles for macrophage.By glutamiolysis pat hway,glutamine provides ATP for the cellular metabolism,intermediates for the biosyn thesis of parine,pyrimidine and nuclecotides,and nitrogen for the formation of glucosamine,GTP and NAD+.

研究表明谷氨酰胺是单核巨噬细胞主要的代谢底物，通过谷氨酰胺酵解途径，为细胞代谢提供能量；为细胞合成DNA和mRNA提供嘌呤、嘧啶、核苷酸生物合成前体；提供氨基葡萄糖，GTP和NAD+合成的氮前体。

The mature egg cell was an inactive cell with only a few polysomes. At the early zygote stage, a large number of ribosomal precursors were produced by the nucleolus, and many polysomes appeared in the cytoplasm, which suggests a high level of metabolism. Zygote at the dormancy stage had a small nucleolus and marked decrease in ribosomes, as shown by a few polysomes, which suggests decreased metabolism. Zygotes in the prophase of mitosis and two-celled proembryo became active again in metabolism, for a prominent nucleolus, high density of ribosomes and increased number of polysomes in the cytoplasm.

结果如下：在成熟卵细胞中多聚核糖体数量不多，且细胞代谢活性较弱；初期合子内，核仁大量合成核糖体前体物质，胞质中多聚核糖体数目众多，细胞代谢活性较强；休眠期合子的核仁变小，胞质中核糖体数量急剧减少，仅有少量多聚核糖体，细胞代谢活性较弱；合子分裂前期和二细胞原胚期，核仁显著，胞质中核糖体的密度增加，出现大量多聚核糖体，细胞代谢活性较强。

In plant,the enzymes of RFO,such as galactinol synthase,myo inositol-1-phosphate synthase, raffinose synthase and stachyose synthase,are linked with the RFO pathw.

寡糖代谢是一个复杂的调控体系，其中肌醇-1-磷酸合成酶、肌醇半乳糖苷合成酶、蔗糖合成酶、棉子糖合成酶、水苏糖合成酶和毛蕊花糖合成酶等参与了棉子糖系列寡糖的生物合成过程。

Firstly, based on phenomenal characteristic parameter collection and its further correlation analysis, the metabolic flux shift during late phase of guanosine fermentation was preliminarily deduced and confirmed by combining intermediates detection and the product biosynthesis pathway analysis. That is, the metabolic flux shifted from Hexose Monophosphate Pathway , from which guanosine was generated mainly, to Embden-Meyerhof Pathway and Tricarboxylic acid cycle to form amino acids and organic acids.

首先通过对发酵过程现象特征的收集和进一步的相关分析，初步推断在发酵过程后期存在有代谢流的迁移，结合中间代谢产物的分析和产物合成的代谢途径初步确认了代谢流迁移的存在，即代谢流从形成产物的HMP途径向形成有机酸、氨基酸的EMP途径、TCA循环迁移。

During the stationary phase of fermentation, cell productivity was slightly reduced. MgSO_4 and tryptone have the positive effect on the product synthesis and cell growth respectively. Based on these conclusions, MgSO_4 and tryptone were added to the feed medium to enhance the production of polysialic acid. Variable feed rate policies were applied to the fed-batch fermentation process and the final biomass and polysialic acid production were both increased by 40 percent.

通过摇瓶实验研究了大肠杆菌发酵过程中菌体生长和产物合成的影响因素，结果表明：产物合成与菌体生长是相耦联的过程，菌体生长受到菌体代谢产物的抑制作用，聚唾液酸的合成不受代谢产物的抑制作用；发酵进入稳定期后菌体的生长和生产能力有所降低；硫酸镁和胰蛋白胨分别对产物合成和菌体生长有一定的促进作用。

During growth phase the metabolic flux to glycerol synthesis was much large, and the carbon was mostly catabolized in TCA in the glycerol production process. With large flux through TCA cycle ATP could be overproduced by NADH oxidation and most ATP may be in futile cycle, which may be the reason that the yield of glycerol is hard to be improved.

分析发现菌体生长阶段合成丙三醇的代谢流较大，这可能是细胞为了维持高渗透压环境下正常生理功能所需；但是在菌体生长停止后，产丙三醇阶段合成丙三醇的代谢流并没有增加，而是TCA循环中代谢流增加，于是产生的NADH氧化生成更多ATP，大都ATP可能是无效循环消耗掉，这是丙三醇产率没有达到理想产率的根本所在。

Bloodginseng in Yunnan pollen bloodginseng oral liqui" lives blood to turn off sludge and remove the gruel kind of accretion off the vessel wall to keep it smooth, help the blood to cycle comletely and urge and bring bodyinside "nucleic acid"or nucleotide and other apoenzymes in the food to all parts of body thus absorbed by each organ of human body to repair the damaged genes or section of the gene chain namely cell that need to be metabolized,they have thus the function of "repair the gene chain"; Thus taking orally the "pollen bloodginseng has assistant treatment functions described on its packing box or so-called the health care functions.

&田七&具有活血化淤、消除血管壁上的粥样淤积、保持血管平滑、促进血液循的功能，从而促使 RNA 及 DNA 与食物中的其它酶蛋白一道在人休各部位合成基因蛋白被人体各器官所吸收修补其受损即需代谢的细胞，从而起到&修补基因链&的作用；起到&云南花粉田七&口服液包装盒上面所标出的辅助治疗作用或称保健作用。

The basic concept is combining metabolic pathways in different organisms on a genetic level. As a consequence heterologous organisms provide precursors from their own primary and secondary metabolism that are metabolised to the desired secondary product due to the expression of foreign genes.

组合生物合成是得到新颖天然产物的一种新型工具，并且可以用于生产稀有珍贵的天然产物，其基本概念是在基因水平上将不同有机体的代谢途径结合起来，从而使异源性生物通过外源基因的表达代谢出期望的次生代谢产物，然后从它们的主要代谢和次生代谢中得到想要的前体。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失