合成代谢

In terms of the contents and compositions of macromolecules in an Anabaena cell in the literature, the requirements of monomeric building blocks and precursor metabolites for cell synthesis were calculated, and an appropriate metabolic stoichiometry on cell biosynthesis was derived.

根据文献中鱼腥藻细胞大分子的含量和组成情况，计算了细胞合成所需要的小分子单体和前体代谢物的量，得到代谢意义上的细胞生物合成计量关系。

It has been reported that sulfur can stimulate the metabolism of sulfur-containing compounds in crops and also be of importance in photosynthetic pigments synthesis, enzymic activities, protein anabolism and catabolism in plant.

已有的研究显示，硫素能促进作物体内含硫化合物的代谢，对植物体内光合色素的合成、酶活性及蛋白质的合成与代谢具有重要意义。

This heterogeneous phenotype (insulin resistance with respect to glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity with respect to lipogenesis) seems to be a typical behavior of the liver able to explain simultaneously all the metabolic features of the insulin resistance syndrome.

肝脏的这种异质性表型(与葡萄糖代谢有关的胰岛素抵抗状态及与脂肪合成有关的胰岛素敏感状态)可能是胰岛素抵抗综合征所有代谢异常特点(葡萄糖代谢异常和脂肪代谢异常)的一种合理解释。

Therefore, the metabolic pathway from soybean oil to erythromycin was presumed as follows: soybean oil is metabolized into TCA pathway to generate much α ketoglutaric acid and then generate succinyl CoA by strengthening TCA pathway, and the methylmalonyl CoA is formed from succinyl CoA by isomerization. Finally, methylmalonyl CoA can be used as the precursor for the biosynthesis of erythromycin.

推测豆油经过红色糖多孢菌代谢后进入红霉素合成的一条可能途径：豆油经过代谢后进入TCA循环，并强化了TCA循环的通量，产生了大量α酮戊二酸，再生成琥珀酰CoA，琥珀酰CoA在甲基丙二酰CoA异构酶的作用下生成甲基丙二酰CoA作为红霉素合成的前体。

Investigation of major metabolic pathways of SFZ-47 in animals The metabolites of SFZ-47 in rabbit urine following oral administration were separated and detected with HPLC and LC-MS methods. On the basis of the chromatographic behavior and mass spectra of the metabolites as well as biotransformation pathways of drugs with the partial structure of SFZ-47, the hydroxylic derivative 4-(3H-1, 2- dihydro-1-pyrrolizinone-2-methylamino benzyl alcohol and the carboxylic derivative 4-(3H-1, 2-dihydro-1-pyrrolizinone-2-methylamino benzoic acid of SFZ-47 were proposed as two potential metabolites and were synthesized.

在动物体内主要代谢途径的确定用HPLC和LC-MS对家兔口服SFZ-47后尿中的代谢物进行了分离、检测，根据代谢产物的色谱和质谱行为以及与SFZ-47有类似结构部分的其它药物的代谢途径，推测其羟基衍生物[4-（3H-1，2-二氢-1-吡咯里嗪酮-2-甲基胺基）苯甲醇]与羧基衍生物[4-（3H-1，2-二氢-1-吡咯里嗪酮-2-甲基胺基）苯甲酸]是两种可能的代谢产物，遂用化学方法合成了这两种衍生物。

Most of the studies have demonstr ated that glutamine serves metabolic roles for macrophage.By glutamiolysis pat hway,glutamine provides ATP for the cellular metabolism,intermediates for the biosyn thesis of parine,pyrimidine and nuclecotides,and nitrogen for the formation of glucosamine,GTP and NAD+.

研究表明谷氨酰胺是单核巨噬细胞主要的代谢底物，通过谷氨酰胺酵解途径，为细胞代谢提供能量；为细胞合成DNA和mRNA提供嘌呤、嘧啶、核苷酸生物合成前体；提供氨基葡萄糖，GTP和NAD+合成的氮前体。

In plant,the enzymes of RFO,such as galactinol synthase,myo inositol-1-phosphate synthase, raffinose synthase and stachyose synthase,are linked with the RFO pathw.

寡糖代谢是一个复杂的调控体系，其中肌醇-1-磷酸合成酶、肌醇半乳糖苷合成酶、蔗糖合成酶、棉子糖合成酶、水苏糖合成酶和毛蕊花糖合成酶等参与了棉子糖系列寡糖的生物合成过程。

Firstly, based on phenomenal characteristic parameter collection and its further correlation analysis, the metabolic flux shift during late phase of guanosine fermentation was preliminarily deduced and confirmed by combining intermediates detection and the product biosynthesis pathway analysis. That is, the metabolic flux shifted from Hexose Monophosphate Pathway , from which guanosine was generated mainly, to Embden-Meyerhof Pathway and Tricarboxylic acid cycle to form amino acids and organic acids.

首先通过对发酵过程现象特征的收集和进一步的相关分析，初步推断在发酵过程后期存在有代谢流的迁移，结合中间代谢产物的分析和产物合成的代谢途径初步确认了代谢流迁移的存在，即代谢流从形成产物的HMP途径向形成有机酸、氨基酸的EMP途径、TCA循环迁移。

During growth phase the metabolic flux to glycerol synthesis was much large, and the carbon was mostly catabolized in TCA in the glycerol production process. With large flux through TCA cycle ATP could be overproduced by NADH oxidation and most ATP may be in futile cycle, which may be the reason that the yield of glycerol is hard to be improved.

分析发现菌体生长阶段合成丙三醇的代谢流较大，这可能是细胞为了维持高渗透压环境下正常生理功能所需；但是在菌体生长停止后，产丙三醇阶段合成丙三醇的代谢流并没有增加，而是TCA循环中代谢流增加，于是产生的NADH氧化生成更多ATP，大都ATP可能是无效循环消耗掉，这是丙三醇产率没有达到理想产率的根本所在。

The basic concept is combining metabolic pathways in different organisms on a genetic level. As a consequence heterologous organisms provide precursors from their own primary and secondary metabolism that are metabolised to the desired secondary product due to the expression of foreign genes.

组合生物合成是得到新颖天然产物的一种新型工具，并且可以用于生产稀有珍贵的天然产物，其基本概念是在基因水平上将不同有机体的代谢途径结合起来，从而使异源性生物通过外源基因的表达代谢出期望的次生代谢产物，然后从它们的主要代谢和次生代谢中得到想要的前体。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失