合成代谢

Chalcone synthase (CHS, EC 2. 3.1. 74), is the first key enzyme in the biosynthesis of plant flavonoids, and the key enzyme of plant secondary metabolism. It has great influence on plant physiological function.

查尔酮合成酶(chalcone synthase，CHS，EC 2.3.1.74)，是植物类黄酮物质合成途径中的第一个酶，也是植物次生代谢途径中的关键酶之一，对植物具有非常重要的生理意义。

Leptin is a hormone that regulates metabolic efficiency,energy expenditure.It is mainly produced in adipose.Now we acknowlege that leptin is also present in placenta.It can mediate the excretory function of cytotrophoblast and vascular growth. Leptin participates in pregnancy complication.

瘦素是由肥胖基因编码的调节能量代谢的物质，主要由脂肪细胞合成，现已证实胎盘也合成瘦素，可调节滋养细胞的分泌功能及胎盘血管的生成，与生殖及PIH等疾病密切相关。

Among the target tissues of estrogen is endometrium, which undergoes cyclic proliferation, differentiation and desquamation.

目前认为，细胞内E2的浓度不仅决定于内分泌的合成，而且主要受靶细胞内E2合成和代谢的影响。

GSK-3βis now recognized as not only a key rate-limiting enzyme of glycogen metabolic process, which phosphorylats hepatic glycogen synthase and makes it devitalize by insuline regulation, but also plays an important role in at least three signal transductory systems, namely, the Wnt/wingless, PI3'-kinase and Hedgehog pathways,which influence cellular processes, such as protein synthesis, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell motility and apoptosis.

GSK-3β是糖原代谢过程中的重要限速酶，除了可以在胰岛素调控下磷酸化肝糖原合成酶并使之失活外，GSK-3β还在多个重要信号通路中扮演了关键角色，例如Wnt/β-catenin pathway，PI3K/AKT pathway，Hedgehog pathway，在蛋白合成、细胞增殖、细胞分化、细胞运动、细胞凋亡以及肿瘤发生等方面都扮演了重要角色。

In the third part of this dissertation, based on the leading compound ACPD, we design and asymmetric syhthesized two analogues: 56 and 57 by using Seebach's self- regeneration strategy to synthesize α,α-disubstituted amino acid as the key step.

论文的第二部分，我们利用我们所开发的合成α，α双取代氨基酸的方法，以对甲基苯甲醛为原料，经过分子内付克烷基化、氧化银氧化和氢化等16步反应，完成了代谢型谷氨酸受体拮抗剂-AIDA的不对称合成。

Fruits of mango cultivar Yuexi No.1(Mangifera indica L.) at the mature stage were collected and detected in terms of starch, glucose, fructose and sucrose, as well as acid invertase, neutral invertase, sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase.

以粤西1号为试材研究了芒果果实成熟阶段淀粉、葡萄糖、果糖和蔗糖的含量以及蔗糖代谢相关酶-酸性转化酶、中性转化酶、蔗糖合成酶和蔗糖磷酸合成酶的活性变化。

The obtained terephthalaldhydic acid semicarbazone has such advantages as simple process and high purity (above 99% after post treatment), and can be used as standard in enzymoimmunoassay of semicarbazide.

本发明成功合成了呋喃西林代谢物氨基脲的衍生物氨基脲缩对醛基苯甲酸，合成步骤简洁，经过后处理，纯度高达99％以上，完全可以用作标准品，为以后人们对氨基脲的酶联免疫检测研究提供了方便的途径，可以满足国内对其研究的需要。

In order to overcome some of the disadvantages of plant cell suspension culture, such as variability and shear sensitivity of plant cells, limited transfer of oxygen to the culture, mixing and relative low metabolites production, etc.

本文针对悬浮细胞培养中植物细胞剪切敏感性、溶氧及混合困难和次生代谢产物合成能力低等问题，进行固定化长春花植物细胞培养生产生物碱过程的研究，主要涉及固定化方法、影响固定化长春花植物细胞合成生物碱能力因素、及有关固定化长春花植物细胞反应器等问题，应用模糊集理论探讨固定化细胞培养过程的基本规律。

The chip used contains 4097 genes covering oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, the genes related to ion channels, cell cycle proteins, outer force reaction proteins, cell skeleton and movement, and apoptosis, the genes associated with DNA synthesis, repair and recombination, the genes related to DNA combining and transcription, the genes encoding cell receptors, the genes related to signaling, the genes associated with immune response, metabolism, protein synthesis, development and others.

实验所用的芯片含有4097个基因，包括原癌基因和抑癌基因、离子通道和运输蛋白基因、细胞周期蛋白基因、外压反应蛋白基因、细胞骨架蛋白和运动相关基因、细胞凋亡相关蛋白基因、DNA合成和修复和重组相关蛋白基因、DNA结合和转录和转录因子基因、细胞受体基因、免疫相关基因、细胞信号传导蛋白基因、代谢相关蛋白基因、蛋白质翻译和合成相关基因、发育相关基因、及其它基因。

The expression of phosphorylase gene in stigma and style may beinvolved in regulating glucose metabolism and glucoprotein synthesis during pollengermination and pollen tube growth.

磷酸化酶基因在柱头和花柱中的活跃表达可能与花粉萌发和花粉管生长过程中的葡萄糖代谢和糖蛋白合成有关；磷酸化酶可能参与雌蕊及颖果发育过程中过渡性淀粉和储藏性淀粉的合成、分解和转运。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失