合成代谢

Vitamin B6 participates in δ- the metabolization with ALA enzymatic synthesis, synthesis of element of the blood red when lack produces an obstacle, occurrence cellule sex of sexual low pigment is anaemic, clinical go up to seldom see.

维生素B6参与δ-ALA合成酶的代谢，缺乏时血红素合成发生障碍，出现小细胞性低色素性贫血，临床上极少见。

The absorption of root system was the main sources of nitrogen in the plant.The effects of matrix ventilation on the abaorption,transportion and metabolism of nitrogen in the root system of cucmber were discussed deeply.The results showed that contents of ammonium,nitrate,free amino acids and soluble protein in cucumber roots were higher in G1 treatment.Contents of ammonium,nitrate and free amino acids in cucumber roots were the trend of the dropping after the first rising in F1 treatment,but contents of soluble protein was lower11.03%than that of the control.

根系吸收是植物体内氮素的主要来源，本研究深入探讨了基质通气状况对黄瓜根系氮素吸收、运输和氮代谢的影响，结果表明G1通气处理根系的铵盐、硝酸盐、游离氨基酸和可溶性蛋白含量均较高；非通气处理(F1处理)根系内铵盐、硝酸盐和游离氨基酸含量呈先升高后降低的趋势，而可溶性蛋白含量始终较低，比对照降低11.03%。G1处理根系硝酸还原酶、亚硝酸还原酶、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、谷氨酰胺合成酶活性均较高；而F1处理的酶活性在处理末期显著降低，其中谷氨酰胺合成酶活性比对照降低33.33%。

This dissertation for Ph. D. degree focuses on the design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel active compounds against three important anti-metabolic drug targets, dipepetidyl peptidase IV, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, and farnesoid X receptor.

中文摘要本论文在综合运用传统药物设计理论、计算机虚拟筛选方法和现代有机合成技术的基础上，针对三个代谢类疾病的靶标进行药物设计、化合物合成与活性评价等研究工作。

The identified proteins were divided into two following categories: one is regulatory proteins, for example, caffeic acid 3-O-methyltransferas, HSP70, glyoxalase I , actin, and so on. They are involved in protein biosynthesis and processing, cellular structural organization and stress responses. The other is function proteins, for instance, ascorbate peroxidase, cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase, cytosolic phosphoglycerate kinase, S-adenosyl methionine synthetase, ATP synthase, and so on. They are involved in photosynthesis, photorespiration, redox homeostasis, and metabolisms.

通过分析可以将这些差异蛋白分为两大类：第一类是调节性蛋白，如咖啡酸三氧转甲基酶，热激蛋白70，醛酮变位酶I，肌动蛋白等，它们主要参与蛋白质的合成和加工、胁迫响应、细胞骨架稳定等过程；第二类是功能性蛋白，如抗坏血酸过氧化物酶，细胞质苹果酸脱氢酶，细胞质磷酸甘油酸激酶，S-腺苷蛋氨酸合成酶，ATP合酶等，它们则参与氧化还原平衡、光合作用、光呼吸和各种代谢等过程。

This method is more simple and inexpensive than screening cDNA library, and can be easily adapted to clone other genes. An Amorpha fruticosa cDNA clone encoding UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, a key enzyme producing UDP-glucose in the synthesis of sucrose and cellulose, was cloned by using this method.

本论文利用此方法首次从紫穗槐中克隆了与纤维素合成前体----尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖的代谢有关的尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶基因和与木质素合成相关的4-香豆酸：CoA连接酶(4CL)基因的全长cDNA序列，并由此推测出相应的氨基酸序列。

Wenxin capsule can promote endolethial cells releasing CO and synthesing 〓, enhance activity of HO, induce angiectasis through activating guanylic cyclase and adenglate cyclate of intracellar of vessel smooth muscle cell to enhance content of intracellar cGMP and AMP. 3. Wenxin capsule can inhibit releasing of platelet activiting factor 〓 which inhibit platelet aggregation and have antithrombosis function. 4. Wenxin capsule can promote activity of t-PA, reduce activity of PAI-1, strengthen fibrinolytic function, therefore inhibit fibrin disposition. 5. Wenxin capsule can inhibit synthesis of smooth muscle cellular DNA. Its function don't kill it directly but prevent transformation from period Go to peried S. 6. Wenxin capsule is an effective prescription of anti-coronary atherosclerosis atherosis. The results of image pattern analysis tastifies that area of lipid plaque in treating group reduce 54% and 58% in contrast with that in control group. The results of light, electro- microscopy show that structure of endolethial cell and smooth muscle cell in treating group is more integral than that in control group.

其作用机制之一是由于该药具有良好的调脂降脂作用，其不仅能明显降低血清LDL-c及升高HDL-c含量，且能有效阻止TC沉积于血管壁，从而保护内皮细胞结构完整；此外，温心胶囊尚具有明显的抗氧化作用，该药不仅能明显降低血浆LPO含量，且能提高SOD活性，同时其对血红素在细胞内代谢的调节作用也参与了抗氧化过程。2 温心胶囊能明显促进内皮细胞释放CO及合成〓，提高HO活性，通过激活血管平滑肌细胞内鸟苷酸环化酶及腺苷酸环化酶引起细胞内cGMP、AMP浓度增加而引起血管舒张。3 温心胶囊能明显抑制血小板激活因子〓的释放，从而抑制血小板聚集，抗血栓形成。4 温心胶囊能明显提高t-PA活性，降低PAI-1活性，增强纤溶功能，从而抑制纤维蛋白沉积。5 温心胶囊能明显抑制平滑肌细胞DNA合成，其抑制作用不是直接杀伤抑制，而是阻止细胞由Go期向S期转化。6 温心胶囊是抗冠状动脉粥样硬化的有效制剂，图象分析结果证实，该药治疗组脂斑面积比对照组缩小了54％和58％，光电镜结果显示内皮细胞及平滑肌细胞结构较为完整。

Artificial conditions of plant cell culture, such as plant growth regulators, nutritious factors and elicitors, can be as metabolic regulation signals to regulate plant cell growth and secondary metabolite biosynthesize.

植物细胞培养的人工环境中诸如植物生长调节剂、营养因子和刺激剂等代谢控制信号可以调节控制植物细胞生长和次级代谢产物的生物合成。

For long-term treatments, the rat administered daily by gavages for six weeks, the results of OGTT showed that guava fruit water or alcohol extracts could reduce the plasma glucose level in the diabetic Wistar rats, however there was on significant difference in insulin level among all tested groups. The results of carbohydrate metabolism showed diabetic Wistar rats administered with 200 or 400 mg/kg BW of guava fruit water or alcohol extracts could decrease more than 15% glucose-6-phosphatase and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase activities, and it also increase more than 12% glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities to reduce inhibitory hexokinase from reducing glucose-6-phosphate level.

在醣类代谢方面，实验结果发现糖尿病鼠灌食番石榴果实水及乙醇萃取物六周后，肝脏醣质新生作用中丙酮酸合成肝醣之关键酵素glucose-6-phosphatase及fructose-1，6-bisphosphatase的酵素活性会降低15%以上；另一方面肝脏glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase酵素活性则明显增加12%以上，并造成glucose-6-phosphate浓度减少，进而降低其对hexokinase的抑制(因为hexokinase受其代谢产物G-6-P的浓抑制)，因此加速肝脏葡萄糖的糖解作用。

The quality of purified 2-KGA from its fermentation products was up to industrial standard. In addition, several hexoses, such as D-glucose and D-sorbitol can be utilized to synthesize 2-KGA by this newly-mixed culture. The growth and anabolism of the B529-V6 were studied in 4M〓 and 300M〓 fermentor respectively. The results showed that its growth and anabolism were affected by carbon sources, ratio of D-glucose and L-sorbose, nitrogen sources, growth factors, inoculum quality and culture condition including the initial pH value, temperature and ventilation.

新菌系B529-V6表现出了较强的高浓度L-山梨糖耐受能力、较高的底物代谢速率和较高的2-KGA转化能力，在8％山梨糖浓度的发酵培养基中培养48h，糖酸转化率较对照菌系提高了5.94％；山梨糖浓度提高至10％，其生长代谢受影响程度较小，且能不同程度地利用葡萄糖和山梨醇为底物，合成维生素C前体-2-酮基-L-古龙酸（2-KGA），其发酵产物2-KGA经反相高效液相色谱分析其质量符合工业化生产要求。

The results show that during the development of the oriental tobacco leaves, the activity of acid invertase was decreased; the changes of GS reached its peak in the 20dans in Samsun, but in the 30dans in Basma and Canik ;the activity of PAL was decreased in the 30dans; The content of total nitrogen was decreased with the mature leaves, but nicotine、total carbon and soluble total sugar were increased. Different varieties, carbon and nitrogen metabolism key enzyme activity and the content of metabolites were different.

结果表明，在香料烟叶片发育过程中，酸性转化酶的活性均呈下降趋势；谷氨酰胺合成酶的活性Samsun品种在20d叶龄时最高，而Basma和Canik在30d叶龄时最高；苯丙氨酸解氨酶的活性均表现为30d时最低；随着叶片成熟总氮含量降低，烟碱含量升高，总碳、可溶性总糖随着叶片成熟其含量呈升高趋势；品种不同，碳氮代谢关键酶的活性及代谢产物的含量变化均有很大差异。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失