合成代谢

Essential fatty acids are important for cell membrane function, cholesterol metabolism and the synthesis of various metabolites.

必需脂肪酸是重要的细胞膜功能，胆固醇代谢和合成的各种代谢产物。

Results showed that TDI induced toxic action on spermatogenic cell,while the chondriosome was its target within the length and concentrations.

结果表明：在本实验染毒时间和染毒剂量范围内，TD I对雄性的生殖毒性主要表现为对各级生精细胞均有一定的毒性作用，作用的靶点是细胞内的线粒体；TD I通过影响各种酶的活性，干扰了睾丸组织的有氧代谢和无氧供能，抑制了细胞对能量的利用，损伤了各级生精细胞，导致生精上皮不可逆的损害，从而造成了其对雄性生殖系统的损伤；TD I对雄性生殖细胞的核酸代谢以及DNA合成有一定影响。

Metabolic pathway analysis for this strain showed that pentose and hexose could be transferred to succinic acid and other byproducts including acetic acid and α-ketoglutaric acid.

对菌株的代谢途径分析表明细胞具有五、六碳糖代谢酶系，以及在大量合成丁二酸的同时也产生少量乙酸、α-酮戊二酸等副产物。

In the direction of the theory of metabolic engineering , principal nodes and their rigidity were judged, and metabolic flux distribution was regulated so as to overproduce FDP by chemical regulative factor.

在代谢工程理论的指导下判断了FDP合成途径中的结点和刚性结点，并用化学调节因子调节代谢流量的分配以超量生产FDP。

Given the known reaction mechanism and general chemical considerations, we propose that nicotine, when used as the carbon source by P. putida J5, is catabolized to pyruvic acid via pyrrolidine pathway and then participates in the synthesis of vitamin pantothenate and CoA, which supply the energy for the normal functioning.

通过对突变位点基因的功能分析推测，假单胞杆菌可以将尼古丁代谢为2，5-二羟基吡啶，而2，5-二羟基吡啶可以进一步转化为丁烯二酸和丙酮酸，进而参与了泛酸和 CoA 的合成，为生理代谢提供基质。

Formate the virus after invading cells, cause host ' s cell ' s supersession to change, biosynthesis does not control by oneself again, make between nucleic acid and a large amount of protein of virus synthetic.

3：合成病毒侵入细胞之后，引起宿主细胞代谢发生改变，生物合成不再由自身支配，使病毒的核酸和蛋白质大量的合成。

Chalcone synthase gene is one of the key genes in phenylpropanoids pathway for producing flavonoids,isoflavonoids,anthocyanin and other secondary metabolism products in plants. It plays important roles in the physiological and biochemic progress of pigment synthesis,defense response and plant fertility.

查尔酮合成酶基因是苯丙氨酸代谢途径中的关键基因，在类黄酮类物质合成中扮演着重要的角色，调控着色素合成、防御反应、植物育性等生理生化过程，对植物的生长发育起着至关重要的作用。

The oversaturation of cholesterol in bile results in the formation of cholesterol stones. The liver is the organ which synthesizes cholesterol and secretes bile. Liver lipid metabolism research helps to explain the mechanism of cholelithiasis. Utilizing biochemical and biomolecular technology, we have done experimental work as follows: Analyse the ingredient changes of blood and bile samples from patients.

肝脏是合成胆固醇、分泌胆汁酸的器官，对肝脏胆固醇代谢的研究有助于阐明胆石症形成的原因，本文用生物化学和分子生物学的方法，分析了病人血液、胆汁中各种脂类成份的变化，以及肝脏胆固醇合成限速酶3-羟-3-甲戊二酸辅酶A还原酶（HMG-CoA Reductase）、胆汁酸合成限速酶7α-羟化酶（7α-hydrolase）的基因表达。

Both Fas and NO can lead chondrocyte apoptosis respectively and cause articular cartilage destruction. IGF-Ⅰ, TGF-β, bFGF, BMP and other growth factors are polypeptide agents that can influence cell activity by signal convection. They can accelerate chondrocyte proliferation and proteoglycan synthesis, play the local regulation action on formation and plerosis of bone and cartilage tissue by autocrine or paracrine. They have the ability to induce cartilage formation. Some investigations showed that growth factors can influence chondrocyte metabolism, synthesis of specific Ⅱ type collagen and proteoglycan by co-operation and inhibition. 1. 3 Situation of OA therapeutics The therapeutic methods of OA mainly comprised non-drug treatment, drug treatment, operation treatment, tissue and genetic engineering, et al. Drug treatment is the chief method among them.

若其活性发生改变，则将导致关节软骨基质成分的丢失和进行性破坏；软骨细胞凋亡与OA的发病密切相关，Fas与NO可各自独立介导软骨细胞凋亡，造成关节软骨破坏；IGF-Ⅰ、TGF-β、bFGF、BMP等生长因子是一组通过细胞间信号传递影响细胞活动的多肽因子，具有促进细胞生长、增殖与合成等作用，可通过自分泌或旁分泌方式对骨和软骨的形成和修复起局部调节作用，可促进软骨细胞增殖、分化与蛋白多糖的合成，具有较强的诱导软骨形成的能力，研究表明多种生长因子相互促进、相互抑制，以协同或拮抗方式影响软骨细胞代谢，影响软骨细胞特异性Ⅱ型胶原和蛋白多糖的合成分泌。

In metabolizing argine, there had no obvious difference among three strains and the control 3 1 DH. Thus, three selected strains had better characters of degrading argininc that they couldn"t over-degrade arginine to produce large numbers" precursors of carcinogenic ethyl carbamate as citrulline, etc.

分析表明，精氨酸分解代谢方面，三个菌株与对照31DH没有明显差异，由此说明，三个优选菌株精氨酸代谢特性良好，不会过多降解精氨酸、代谢产生瓜氨酸等前体物质，从而不会导致致癌物质——氨基甲酸乙酯的大量合成。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失