合成

In their structures, polyanions are bridged by Ln ions via the coordination of the bridging oxygen atoms and terminal oxygen atoms, forming a W–Ot′–Ln–Ob–W linkage; and through the W–Ot′–Ln–Ob–W linkage a one-dimension infinite linear chain with alternating cations and anions is formed.

在相似的合成条件下，我们向原有体系内加入顺丁烯二酸作为有机配体，合成了化合物7，其7的基本结构和化合物1-6很相似，但有一个顺丁烯二酸阴离子取代了一个NO3-离子的位置。

On the other hand, the amidase activity and esterase activity of papain were determined at different temperatures.

一方面，通过比较常温溶液体系、低温溶液体系以及低温固液体系中的肽合成产率，发现低温和固液共存是动力学控制肽键合成的两个有利因素：另一方面，通过对木瓜蛋白酶催化水解动力学的研究，分别测定了该酶在不同温度下的酯酶活性和酰胺酶活性。

The research aimed to synthesize amide by using a simple synthesis method.

［目的］采用简单的合成方法来合成酰胺。

Then Doripenem came into the market in the July ,2005. We studied the synthesis of Doripemen.Firstly, we synthesized the chemical 2 from the starting material------o-hydroxylphenylacylamine through Reformastky reaction, alkylation, Diekmann reaction, enolization, esterification and etc. Secondly, we synthesized the chemical 3 from L — hydroxylproline through the protection of carboxyl, amidogen and hydroxyl group, reduction by NaBr, SN_2 substitution and Mitsumobu reaction.

我们以水杨酰胺为起始原料，经Reformatsky反应、烷基化、Diekmann环合、烯醇化、酯化等反应合成双环母核2；再从L-羟基脯氨酸出发，经酯化保护羧基、保护氨基、保护羟基、硼氢化还原酯得醇、Sn2取代和Mitsumobu反应等合成巯基侧链3；最后由化合物3经脱保护、水解得硫醇，和化合物2在二异丙基乙基胺的作用下缩合，最后Pd／C催化脱保护，历经16步反应最终得到产物多尼培南。

Moreover, it was successfully linked with lactobionic acid through amine groups on the surface of particles, and used to recognize living liver cells successfully.(3) In order to simplify the proceeding of preparation of silica-coated qdots, a novel one-pot method using 3-mercaptopropyl-trimethoxysilane as a capping molecule was proposed for the first time. Furthermore, amine and phosphonate groups were also modified on the surface of silica-coated qdots simultaneously. This was the first time the synthesis and the surface modification of qdots were performed in the same system.

3在前一部分工作的基础上，进一步简化量子点的合成与包壳步骤，以MPS为稳定剂，制备了硅壳包被的CdTe量子点，并在硅壳外同步修饰氨基及磷酸基团，首次成功实现了量子点的合成与表面的功能化修饰在同一体系中进行，从而制得了水溶性的、表面带有氨基和磷酸基团的硅壳型CdTe量子点。

But ZFA without modification was not efficient for purification of ammonium and phosphate at low concentrations occurring in real effluent.

在粉煤灰为原料合成沸石研究的基础上，开发以新的物体废弃物-高温无害化后的苏州河底泥-为原料合成沸石，为无机固体废弃物提供了高附加值的资源化技术。

A novel synthetic approach of 3,3'-azobis(6-amino-1,2,4,5-tetrazine) was firstly devised. Taking 3,6-bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine as a primary material, DAAT was synthesized by high pressure ammonolysis and potassium permanganate oxidation. Compared with the four-step reaction in the literature, this new approach was reduced to two steps with a yield of 58.1%. The intermediate and DAAT were characterized by elemental analysis, IR and NMR spectra.

自行设计了3，3'-偶氮双(6-氨基-1，2，4，5-四嗪)新合成路线、采用3，5-双(3，5-二甲基吡唑-1-基)-1，2，4，5-四嗪为原料，由文献报道的4步反应缩减为2步，经高压氨解、高锰酸钾氧化合成了DAAT，总收率大幅提高，达到58.1%，并采用元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振光谱等进行了结构表征。

Dimethylhexane-1,6-dimethyleurethane is the key material for preparation of 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate by non-phosgene route. Our work mainly focuses on the study of the catalytic performances of metal oxysalts and metal oxides for the ammonolysis of DMC to HDU-M. Experiment effect showed the ammonolysis was omposed by two steps, in which the first step was easier to occur than the second.

中文摘要六亚甲基-1，6-二氨基甲酸甲酯是非光气合成六亚甲基二异氰酸酯的关键原料，本文主要对金属含氧酸盐和金属氧化物这两类用于碳酸二甲酯胺解合成HDU-M 的催化剂进行了初步研究并优化了工艺条件。

Since the production of carbon nanotubes synthesized by arc-discharge method contains impurities such as carbon nano-particles, amorphism carbon and graphite fragment, several purification methods were used to purify carbon nanotubes. It is found that with oxidation method in air, we can easily get purified carbon nanotubes.

由于用电弧放电法合成出来的纳米碳管产物中除了有纳米碳管外，还含有一些纳米石墨颗粒、无定形碳和石墨碎片等，因此本文对用电弧放电法合成出的纳米碳管进行了多种方法、探索性的提纯研究，实验结果发现，利用大气氧化法对纳米碳管进行提纯效果好，设备简单，是一种方便实用的方法。

CA-CTSs including N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan,N,O-1-carboxyethyl chitosan (N,O-1-CEC),N,O-2-carboxyethyl chltosan(N,O-2-CEC),N-carboxymethyl chitosan and N-1-carboxyethyl chitosan(N-1-CEC) are quaternized using active quaternary salts prepared in laboratory.5 series including 25 kinds amphoteric chitosans characterized with polymeric ampholyte,in which 24 kinds are synthesized firstly,are obtained, 2-Hydroxypropyl dimethylbenzyl ammonium N,O-(1-carboxyethyl) chitosan chloride (GDMBA-N,O-1-CEC) is hydrolyzed into serial low molecular weight GDMBA-N, O-1-CEC with acid as catalyst and microwave as assistant instrumentality innovately.

以合成的活性季铵盐改性了N，O-羧甲基壳聚糖、N，O-1-羧乙基壳聚糖(N，O-1-CEC)、N，O-2-羧乙基壳聚糖(N，O-2-CEC)、N-羧甲基壳聚糖和N-1-羧乙基壳聚糖(N-1-CEC)等羧烷基壳聚糖，得到5个系列25种具有两性高分子电解质特征的新季铵化羧烷基壳聚糖，其中24种为首次合成；创新提出以微波辅助酸催化的方法催化2-羟丙基二甲基苄基-N，O-(1-羧乙基)壳聚糖氯化铵(GDMBA-N，O-1-CEC)水解，得到了低分子量的GDMBA-N，O-1-CEC。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失