合成

Amino-monomethoxypoly(ethy1ene glycol)(mPEG-NH2) was synthesized based on the principle of Gabriel synthesis.Monomethoxypoly(ethy1ene glycol) tosylate was prepared at first,and then reaction with potassium salt of phthalimide as nucleophile to produce the monomethoxypoly(ethy1ene glycol)phthalimide derivative.

摘 要：首先合成了单甲氧基聚乙二醇对甲苯磺酸酯，然后根据盖布瑞尔合成法原理，以邻苯二甲酰亚胺钾盐为亲核试剂与mPEG-OTs反应，生成单甲氧基聚乙二醇的邻苯二甲酰亚胺衍生物，mPEG-PI与水合肼反应肼解生成伯胺，合成了一端为氨基的单甲氧基聚乙二醇(mPEG-NH2)。

Considerable attention has really been focused on ionic liquids as "green" alternatives to classical environmentally damaging organic solvents in many fields such as in organosynthesis, material, catalysis, electrochemistry, biochemistry, physicochemistry, separation and so on. However, there have been only a few examples of chiral ILs have been reported so far, and ILs possessing chirality are having been synthesized aimed at application in asymmetric catalytic reaction.

离子液体在许多领域如电化学、有机合成、催化、生物化学、物理化学、材料及分离等的绿色替代溶剂技术引起了人们的重视，然而，有关手性离子液体的合成与应用的报道比较少，含有手性片段的离子液体不断被合成出来并期望在不对称催化反应中得到应用，但是成功的例子不多，使用手性离子液体在不对称催化反应中还在初始的探索阶段。

The molecular designs and synthesis of triarylamine-based picolinic acid derivatives used as ancillary ligands, and their cyclometalated iridium complexes used as red-and green-emitters, as well as optoelectronics properites of these compounds were investigated in order to solve current problems of organic/polymeric electroluminescent materials and devices.

本论文针对目前有机/聚合物电致磷光材料和器件存在的问题，开展了新型三芳胺吡啶羧酸类辅助配体及其红光和绿光环金属铱配合物电致磷光材料的分子设计、合成和光电性能研究，主要包括：(1)设计、合成了三种新型的三芳胺吡啶羧酸类双齿阴离子型辅助配体；(2)以三芳胺吡啶羧酸衍生物作为双齿阴离子型辅助配体，合成得到了两个系列的红光和绿光环金属铱配合物；(3)研究了三芳胺吡啶羧酸类辅助配体分子结构对环金属配合物的紫外吸收和光致发光性能的影响；(4)以环金属配合物为客体，聚芴和恶二唑衍生物为主体，制作了聚合物电磷光器件，研究了含三芳胺吡啶羧酸类辅助配体、环金属配合物客体材料和聚合物主体材料等分子结构对电致发光性能的影响。

Methods for synthesizing of pinacol are reviewed,the difference of catalytic effects and stereoselectivity with various catalytic systems are introduced in this paper.Highlights are laid on the mechanism and stereoselectivity of new synthetic methods catalyzed by low valent Samarium, Titanium and Trimethyl chlorosilane, etc.

频哪醇合成新进展* The Recent Progress in the Synthesis of Pinacol 李有桂蒋昌盛尤田耙**(中国科学技术大学化学系合肥 230026)本文综述了合成频哪醇的方法，介绍了不同催化体系的催化效果和立体选择性的差异，着重介绍了低价钐、低价钛、三甲基氯硅烷等新的合成频哪醇反应的机理和立体选择性。

Both Fas and NO can lead chondrocyte apoptosis respectively and cause articular cartilage destruction. IGF-Ⅰ, TGF-β, bFGF, BMP and other growth factors are polypeptide agents that can influence cell activity by signal convection. They can accelerate chondrocyte proliferation and proteoglycan synthesis, play the local regulation action on formation and plerosis of bone and cartilage tissue by autocrine or paracrine. They have the ability to induce cartilage formation. Some investigations showed that growth factors can influence chondrocyte metabolism, synthesis of specific Ⅱ type collagen and proteoglycan by co-operation and inhibition. 1. 3 Situation of OA therapeutics The therapeutic methods of OA mainly comprised non-drug treatment, drug treatment, operation treatment, tissue and genetic engineering, et al. Drug treatment is the chief method among them.

若其活性发生改变，则将导致关节软骨基质成分的丢失和进行性破坏；软骨细胞凋亡与OA的发病密切相关，Fas与NO可各自独立介导软骨细胞凋亡，造成关节软骨破坏；IGF-Ⅰ、TGF-β、bFGF、BMP等生长因子是一组通过细胞间信号传递影响细胞活动的多肽因子，具有促进细胞生长、增殖与合成等作用，可通过自分泌或旁分泌方式对骨和软骨的形成和修复起局部调节作用，可促进软骨细胞增殖、分化与蛋白多糖的合成，具有较强的诱导软骨形成的能力，研究表明多种生长因子相互促进、相互抑制，以协同或拮抗方式影响软骨细胞代谢，影响软骨细胞特异性Ⅱ型胶原和蛋白多糖的合成分泌。

ObjectiveTo study the clean production technology of diosgenin. MethodsThe diosgenin was extracted by prefermentation,separation, enzymic hydrolysis, prefermentation and fermentation by A.niger and double-separation.

皂素又名皂苷元，难溶于水，易溶于苯、氯仿等有机溶剂，是一种重要的甾体激素药物合成原料，主要用于脑体激素类药物的合成，如黄体酮、抗多灵、口服避孕药等药物合成原料，在医药生产中具有十分重要的应用价值，有&药用黄金&的美称［1］。

The results of protein synthesis of NT embryos indicated that the protein synthesis pattern of NT embryos and fertilized eggs was similar. 19. 2 KD protein existed in 32-cell stage donor embryos disappeared in NT embryos at the pronuclear stage, however, this protein was reprogrammed to reappeared in 32-cell stage NT embryos.

七、核移植胚的蛋白合成分析结果表明，原核期核移植胚与原核期受精卵具有相同的合成模式。32-细胞期供体胚中的19.5KD蛋白在原核期重组胚中消失，而在32-细胞期重组胚中再度出现，发生了蛋白合成的重序过程。

Monomer which is used to synthesize polypropylene ester, mechanism of polymerization, a formula and technique parameters of synthesizing propenoic acid ester polymer are studied. An emulsifying stabilizer with good properties is synthesized.

本文研究了合成聚丙烯酸酯类物质的单体、聚合反应的机理、合成丙烯酸酯类聚合物的配方以及工艺参数，合成了具有良好性能的乳化稳定剂。

Melamine pyrophosphate can synthesized by three means:(1) prepared by pyrophosphoric acid and melamine in low temperature.(2) prepared by pyrophosphate and melamine in acid.(3) prepared in solid phase.

焦磷酸三聚氰胺的合成一般由三种方法：(1)由焦磷酸在低温下直接与三聚氰胺作用合成法；(2)酸性溶液中由焦磷酸盐合成法；(3)固相合成法。

Results The PGE2 levels in the portal vein increased, while the PGE2 levels in peripheral blood had no changes significantly, the PGE2 levels in the tissues of the intestinal mucosa, placenta, amnion and amniotic cells were increased significantly; Ricinoleic acid stimulated the synthesis of PGE2 in the above tissues invitro, which had the positive correlations with the dose of ricinoleic acid and its lasting time.

结果 实验组大鼠门静脉PGE2水平升高，外周血PGE2水平无变化；实验组大鼠肠粘膜、胎盘、羊膜组织和羊膜细胞PGE2合成明显升高；蓖麻酸刺激肠粘膜、胎盘、羊膜等组织和细胞PGE2合成，其刺激合成能力与蓖麻酸浓度及其作用时间呈正相关。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失