合成

The first step of the plant pterin branch is catalyzed by GTP cyclohydrolase Ⅰ and the first step in the conversion of chorismate to pABA is mediated in plants by aminodeoxychorismate synthase.

叶酸分子是由喋呤和对氨基苯甲酸从头合成的，二者合成的关键酶腺苷三磷酸环化水解酶和氨基脱氧分支酸合成酶已得到克隆鉴定。

The results show that the discharge and cooling stages of sparkjet were simulated by computational method. The instance energy input can produce the condition of high pressure and temperature in the actuator, which induce the forming of synthetic jet. With the increment of the input energy, the velocity of the synthetic jet could be increased to the supersonic state. Under the periodic energy input, the distribution of the sparkjet velocity on the nozzle is non-sinusoidal. And the discharge velocity of jet is much larger than the suction velocity of the flow from environment.

计算结果表明：采用本文的计算方法可以模拟出火花型激励器喷射、吸入的工作阶段；电火花瞬间能量的输入产生了腔体内的高温、高压环境，从而诱发合成射流的形成；当激励能量增加，激励器产生的合成射流速度增加，可达到超声速状态；周期性激励下，火花型合成喷喷口处的轴向平均速度随时间不是正弦分布，且喷射过程的最大速度要远远大于吸收过程的最大速度。

We discussed the syntheses of two different types of plant alkaloids in this thesis. In part A, we aimed at total syntheses in two kinds of aporphine alkaloids, lirioferine and boldine. In part B, we developed a tactic about radical cyclization in polyhydroxylated piperidine synthesis.

中文摘要本篇论文中探讨了两种不同种类植物碱的合成，在A部分中，我们针对阿朴吩类天然物中的鹅掌楸啡碱与波儿丁碱做了各自的全合成研究；在B部分中，我们发展了一种自由基环化策略运用在含多羟的哌啶类化合物之合成上。

This thesis consists of four parts as follows: Part I: ReviewThe purpose of the present review is to summarize the organic chemistry of polyvalent iodine compounds regarded as Chlorides, Fluorides, Oxidize reagents in the field of organic synthesis, especially focus on their synthetic application and space structure, there are lots of reaction examples to illustrate the incomparable merits of organic polyvalent iodine compounds in the synthesis of some drugs and natural products.

本论文由以下四部分组成：第一部分：文献综述本部分比较全面地回顾了有机含碘化合物作为氯化、氟化、氧化试剂在精细有机合成中的应用，主要针对含碘试剂的合成及其结构做了比较详细的综述，并且列举了大量反应实例引证了这种类型试剂在药物及天然产物合成方面具备的优势。

In this paper, by projecting onto right image plane the intermediate images composited from the images on successive slicing planes, while rendering the left image based on a series of parallel slicing planes [Yage96] , the computation of composition in rendering the right image can be reduced, and the efficiency of stereoscopic rendering can be improved.

为此，本文在采用基于一组平行切割平面的体绘制方法生成左视图的过程中[Yage96]，通过将连续若干层切割平面上的中间采样图像先进行合成，将合成后的结果再投影到右图像平面上，从而减少右视图生成过程中对图像合成的计算量，提高立体绘制效率。

According to the differences of the materials, there are many methods of synthesis for benzofuranol , such as the pyrocatechol method, the cyclohexanone method, the o-chlorophenol method, the nitrophenol method, the methoxy phenol method, and so on.

根据原料的不同，呋喃酚合成方法可分为邻苯二酚法、邻氯苯酚法、环己酮法、硝基苯酚法、愈创木酚法、邻异丙基酚法、羟基苯异酮法等，文章对前几种较常见的合成方法的原理及工艺进展进行了详细的综述，并展望了呋喃酚合成方法的发展趋势。

The characteristics of quinazoline epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors were briefly described in this paper, and the mechanism of receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor was also introduced. The synthesis of this kind of new compound was studied, and the synthetic route was redesigned and the method was modified.

本论文简述了受体酪氨酸激酶小分子抑制剂的发展概况，详细介绍了新型喹唑啉类表皮生长因子受体抑制剂，着重研究了该类化合物的合成，设计并打通了合成路线，同时又合成了25个新化合物。

The biosynthesis of coenzyme Q10 in microorganism has two pathways: the quinoid nucleus biosynthesis and the isoprenoid side chain biosynthesis.

辅酶Q10在微生物体内的合成分为芳香环的合成和异戊烯基侧链的合成。

The methods of synthesis and racemization of Naproxen ester were studied and the most suitable methods for synthesis and racemization of Naproxen ester were determined.

第二章主要研究了在萘普生拆分过程中涉及到的有机合成，对萘普生酯的合成和消旋方法做了系统的研究，从中确立了最适宜的合成和消旋方法。

A new method for synthesizing rosin allyl alcohol ester was studied. p-Toluenesulfonic acid allyl alcohol ester was first synthesized by O-acylation of allyl alcohol with p-toluene sulfonyl chloride, using NaOH as catalyst. Then rosin allyl alcohol ester was synthesized from sodium resinate and p-toluenesulfonic acid allyl alcohol ester.

探索了一种两步合成松香烯丙醇酯的新方法，即先以烯丙醇和时甲苯磺酰氯为原料，以NaOH为催化剂，通过O-酰化反应合成中间体对甲笨磺酸烯丙醇酯，再与松香钠皂发生亲核取代反应合成目标产物松香烯丙醇酯。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失