合同

The dissertation wants to construct a systematic structure of Precontract Institution. At first, we analyze the precontract"s legal concepts and its legal characteristics, and points out that the precontract is a contract in essence, however it hasn"t the characteristic of human being s nominate transaction, the author discuss it from the viewpoint of the procedure to make a contract.

论文旨在构筑预约合同制度的系统框架，首先从语源学分析了预约的法律概念，剖析其法律特征，指出预约本质上是债权合同，但它不具有人类类型化交易的特征，属于无名合同，笔者把它作为合同缔结程序来分析。

Precontract is a promise to make a forward contract, whose purpose is to make sure the forward contract be concluded, through a precontract made by the interested parties to bound the concerned person, as the condition of concluding forward contract be not ripe.

预约合同指当事人约定将来订立一定合同的合同，目的是在订立本合同的条件尚未成熟时，先订立预约使相对人受其约束，以确定本约的订立。

Meantime, EMD also dedicate to support the long term development for China Railroading, At ending of 2005, EMD and the PRC Ministry of Railroads signed the Technology Licensing Contract , the contract total amount is over USD$ 0.5 billion. In the beginning of 2006, EMD set up the first WFOE in China which named is Electro-Motive Technical Consulting Co.

同时，EMD公司也致力于支持中国铁路建设的长期发展，在2005年底，EMD与中国铁道部签定了大功率内燃机车的技术许可合同（同时签署了300台散件机车引进合同），其合同总金额高达5亿美元。2006年初，EMD在中国成立了第一家独资公司—北京易安迪技术咨询有限公司来配合执行此合同。

If the other party fails to perform its obligation in the contract within the time agreed upon in this Contract,and fails to eliminate or remedy such breach within15 days following the receipt of the notice thereof from the non-breaching party and still again fails to perfrom the contract within the period of time allowed for delayed performance,in such case the non-breaching party shall be entitled to rescind the contract by a wirtten notice to the defaulting party and still have the right to claim damages from defaulting party.

如果任何一方在合同履行期间没有履行其合同所规定的义务，且在非违约方提出通知内15天没有及时终止违约行为，且在允许延迟履行的时间内没有继续履行合同义务，在这样的情况下，非违约方有权以书面通知的形式通知违约方终止合同，并有权由此产生的损失向违约方索赔。

After introducing the problem and theories of the retroactivity effect of contract rescission, the second part of this chapter puts forward that the original right and obligation should vanish retroactively after the contract is rescinded.

本章第二节中，在简单介绍合同解除溯及力问题及各种理论后，笔者通过分析提出了合同解除后应该使合同溯及地消灭合同中的原始性权利义务。

In trading specific goods's times,contract would be rescinded negative either retroactivity or future.For variety goods,contract can be produced many kinds of validity statuses.

在特定物交易时代，合同解除只能使合同要么溯及既往地消灭，要么只向将来消灭；在种类物交易的情况下，合同解除会使合同能够发生多种效力形态。

In practice, even if the two sides signed a subscription book, but since the seller had no formal contract on the contents of the buyer, while the book is not available for the basic elements of the contract, in which case if the seller refused to contracts and the buyer consultation, or consultations no satisfactory, then the buyer the right to refuse to sign the contract and demanded the return of the deposit.

在实践中，即使双方签订了认购书，但是由于卖方事先没有就正式合同的内容告知买方，同时认购书也不具备合同的基本内容，在这种情形下如果卖方拒绝就合同内容和买方协商，或者协商达不成合意，那么买方有权拒绝签订合同，并要求卖方返还定金。

When the corporate tries to play truant of its liability under legalentity,such direct claim of obligee deny the act of the corporate asopposite party under the contract,and entrust the obligee to claim itscontractual right from a third party who is not a contracting party.

在公司利用法人格逃避合同义务时，这种直索否定了公司作为合同相对人的行为，使得债权人得以向不是合同当事人的第三人主张合同权利。

The thesis will further illustrate the precise application of formulaic expressions in foreign trade contract, and it also shows the importance of mastering the formulaic expression on precisely writing a foreign trade contract, through combining with the false usage of formulaic expressions in foreign trade contract and their analysis.

本文还进1步说明外贸合同套语的正确运用，并结合外贸合同套语的错误用法及其分析，从而说明掌握外贸合同套语对正确撰写外贸合同的重要性。

At common law contracts made with a minor that are not valid will be voidable or void.

按照普通法，未成年人签订的合同除有效合同外就是可撤销合同或无效合同。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。