合作博弈

They are six basic game graphs, which are classified into the cooperative and the non-cooperative game type.

其基本结论是，对于国际合作可能遇到的6种基本博弈模型来说，它们分属于合作性博弈和非合作性博弈两大类。

In view of the instability and the high failure rate of practical supply chain alliance companionate symbiosis,the paper establishes a proceeds matrix model of its static game,and uses evolution games to analyze its formation and evolution under symmetric and asymmetric.

针对现实中供应链联盟伙伴合作关系的不稳定性和失败率高的问题，建立了伙伴企业合作静态博弈的得益矩阵模型，并利用进化博弈理论研究了对称和非对称两种情况下供应链联盟伙伴合作关系的形成及进化演变。

The principle of maximal profit is the main factor as to whether to obey credit or not. The analysis of using a game theory model once and using it repeatedly arid the analysis of a game theory model with outside intervene and evolutionary game theory analysis lead to a conclusion that strengthening cooperation and the government's power of supervision and punishment, the truthfulness of information , and a sound credit mechanism are the basic solution to the credit problem in electronic commerce.

本文运用博弈的方法，对电子商务中失信产生的原因进行了分析，认为收益的最大化原则是决定是否守信的主要因素，并通过对一次博弈、重复博弈和有外部干预情况下以及进化论博弈模型的分析，得出进一步加强交易合作的持久性、政府监管和惩罚的力度、信息的真实性以及完善的信用制度，是解决电子商务信用问题的根本方法。

The principle of maximal profit is the main factoras to whether to obey credit or not. The analysis of using a gametheory model once and using it repeatedly arid the analysis of agame theory model with outside intervene and evolutionary gametheory analysis lead to a conclusion that strengthening cooperationand the government's power of supervision and punishment, thetruthfulness of information , and a sound credit mechanism are thebasic solution to the credit problem in electronic commerce.

本文运用博弈的方法，对电子商务中失信产生的原因进行了分析，认为收益的最大化原则是决定是否守信的主要因素，并通过对一次博弈、重复博弈和有外部干预情况下以及进化论博弈模型的分析，得出进一步加强交易合作的持久性、政府监管和惩罚的力度、信息的真实性以及完善的信用制度，是解决电子商务信用问题的根本方法。

The minor premise is the climate cooperation is a kind of international cooperation.

本文的框架结构基本上是一个"三段论式"的逻辑思路，首先，大前提是讨论清楚国际合作成败的博弈机理、影响要素和转化条件等；然后，小前提是气候合作属于一种国际合作，分析了有关《京都议定书》的气候谈判的进程与合作的困境；结论是，国际合作的博弈机理、影响要素和转化条件等完全适用于气候合作。

The former includes stag bant and battle of the sexes. The latter contains prisoner's dilemma, boxed pigs, chicken and hegemony.

合作性博弈包括捕鹿博弈和性别战博弈；非合作性博弈包括囚徒困境博弈、智猪博弈、斗鸡博弈和盟主博弈。

The thesis has three theoretic fundamentals. The first basis is the theory of international relation, which contains several concepts such as state interest, international cooperation, international regimes , international governance, international negotiation democracy and international political economy. The second one is the game theory, which includes such concepts as game theory, Nash equilibrium and Pareto optimum, six basic game graphs are prisoner's dilemma, boxed pigs, chicken, hegemony, stag bant and battle of the sexes, the major factors are information communication, benefits allocation, hegemony power, time ＆ repeated and player number etc. The third one is the theory of environmental economics, whose prime concepts are public good, externality, free riding and market failure, but the methods to internalize externality are cap ＆ trade , carbon taxes and policy ＆ measures .

本文有3个理论基础：一是国际关系理论，其基本概念包括：国家利益、国际合作、国际制度、国际治理、国际谈判民主制和国际政治经济学；二是博弈论，其基本概念包括：博弈论、纳什均衡与帕累托最优，所采用的6种基本博弈图式为，囚徒困境博弈、智猪博弈、斗鸡博弈、盟主博弈、捕鹿博弈和性别战博弈，影响博弈结局的要素主要是，信息与沟通、利益分配与利益选择、盟主与引导力量、时间与重复博弈、博弈者数量的影响；三是环境经济学理论，其基本概念包括：公共物品、外部性、搭便车和市场失灵，解决外部性的基本方法是，限量与交易、碳税和政策与措施。

On the other hand, paralleling the three phases of cooperative course, chamber of commerce that uses its advantage of information, means of analogous repeated games and stage of relating games can reduce or wipe out the free rider that emerges in the cooperation course by concerting action. It contributes the process of cooperation favorably. Moreover, it leads to enterprise cooperation and avoids the dilemma.

而对应于合作过程的三个阶段，商会的信息优势、类重复博弈机制和关联博弈平台，使其能通过协调行动来减少甚至消灭企业在合作过程中各个阶段的搭便车行为，从而使企业合作过程得以顺利进行，进而起到规避困境、促进合作的作用。

Through the analysis of the history,institution and game of Chinese farmer\'cooperative movement, we conclude that the farmer cooperative is the inevitable result of the institution change,and also is the equilibrium of the economic subjects\' behavior game.

二、论文的研究结论1、农民合作经济组织的产生是制度变迁的结果也是经济主体行为博弈的均衡通过对农民合作运动进程的历史分析，制度分析和博弈分析，可以知道，农民合作经济组织是制度变迁的必然结果，也是经济行为主体博弈的均衡。

Detailed analysis shows that juristicact nullity system developed from the self-generating habits in the course of ages ofeconomic need for diminishing transaction.Psychological need for transactionsafety and economic need of diminishing transaction cost calls for co-operationgaming between parties,soliciting the self-benefit behavior in transaction not todamage other parties'interest,which is conductive to harmonized egotistic withaltruistic under transactional parties'self-constraint,as well to harmonized individualinterest with social interest.

分析表明：法律行为无效制度是人类长期经济交往中自发形成的惯例的延伸，交易安全的心理需要和降低交易成本的经济需求，在当事人之间产生合作博弈，促使交易当事人在从事&利己&行为不要损害他人，客观效果上使&利己&行为与&利他&行为在交易当事人的自我约束中的得到统一，个人利益和社会利益得到协调一致。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。