合作博弈

Specifically, we research the stability andsensitivity analysis of perfect equilibrium of bimatrix game through the relation ofperfect equilibrium and linear programming.

第一章为背景知识，介绍了博弈论的出现，发展，以及现况，描述了博弈论的类型以及理论结构。叙述了非合作博弈论的一些成果，并通过经典例子来认识非合作博弈。

The game between the central government and local governments can be divided to cooperative game and non cooperative game.

中央政府与地方政府之间的博弈可分为合作博弈和非合作博弈。

Sustainable development ; economic interest ; zero-sum game ; cooperative game ; Institution

可持续发展；经济利益；零和博弈；合作博弈；制度

Based on the frame of Stackelberg game, a gaming model is developed for such a supply chain system to which the market demand is supposed to be a linear decreasing function of retail price.

对于单一制造商与单一零售商，首先建立起一个市场需求量为零售价格线性减函数的基于Stackelberg博弈框架的可退货供应链博弈模型，并对其进行了合作与非合作博弈的最优决策分析。

If taken the firms as the organization of cooperative game and taken the group rationality and discrete conditions into consideration, the distribution, based on the Shapley value of cooperative game, can meet the individual rationality and completeness conditions, and can give a more reasonable interpretation on the sources of the real firms' economic profits and the great differences between aggregate social labor incomes.

如果将企业视为合作博弈的组织，并考虑到群体理性和离散条件，按照合作博弈的夏普莱值进行分配则能够满足个体理性和完备性条件，也可以对现实中企业经济利润的来源和社会中劳动收入之间的巨大差异给予更为合理的解释。

In perfecting the operative structure with the idea of cooperative gamin

根据合作博弈的思想完善治理结构，承认博弈是要充分发挥各个利益相关者的能动性，强调合作是要形成合力。

We construct the model of the incorporative game to analyze the strategies of the generation and buyer, and conclude that the equilibrium in bilateral transaction reaches the Pareto optimality under the full competition.

其中，从非合作博弈角度出发，建立区域电力市场竞价交易中发电商与购电商的博弈模型，分析发电商与购电商的双边交易行为，说明在充分竞争条件下，双边交易中所达到的均衡一定为帕累托最优。

Based on EOQ model, it builds a discount model with consideration of both supplier and procurer aimed at optimizing the supply chain. This paper can give some thought to those who are making the procuring strategy for supply chain enterprises, and may provide a way to have a more consolidate relationship in the supply chain, reducing the cost of supply chain.

本文以经典经济订货批量为基础，从供需双方及供应链整体利益共同优化的角度，建立了供应链上供需双方合作博弈折扣策略模型，指导供应链企业制定采购批量策略，从而调动供需双方的积极性，稳固合作伙伴关系，实现供应链整体成本的降低。

Comparing withHayek's theory on society method, I believe constitution litigationmechanism must considering the following conclusion in modelingconstitutional method: first, the acquiring of constitutional method isusually effects system vicissitudes. Although constitutional arbitramentcan form definite constitutional method, it can't achieve perduringsubstantial results level of method; secondly, constitutional method isformed virtually by the mixture of two kind of potence, and one is socialpotence, the other is governmental potence. The constitutional method'srationality in logic structure rests directly with the wrestling process ofconstitutional logic and social process. Constitutional method is more akind of simulative conformation of natural logic and social logic, itforms by the wrestling of government, public, legislature andconstitution judging organ. Fourthly, the maintenance of constitutionalmethod depends on the inner power sustained by faith and exteriorpower coming from the background of compulsion. Fifthly,constitutional method itself is a dynamic structure, and it's realizingquomodo and vindicating means is being in vicissitude, however, it canonly provide condition and inspiritment.

对照哈耶克的社会秩序理论，笔者认为，宪法诉讼机制在型构宪政秩序时必然要照顾到以下结论：其一，宪政秩序的取得，往往是一个制度自然变迁的结果，宪法裁决虽然也可能在短期内形成一定的宪法秩序，不过却无法强行地达到一个较大范围内持久的秩序实效水准；其二，宪政秩序实际上是由两种力量交合而成的，一是社会力量，一是政府力量，宪政秩序的逻辑结构的合理性直接取决于宪法逻辑和社会逻辑之间的博弈过程；其三，宪政秩序更多的是一种对自然逻辑和社会逻辑的模拟形态，是经由政府、公众、立法机关与宪法裁判机构的合作博弈而形成的，宪法诉讼的功用至多在于提供博弈规则，以实现纳什均衡；其四，宪政秩序的维护主要依靠来自信念支持的内部力量与来自强制背景的外部力量；其五，宪政秩序本身是一个动态的、常新的结构，其实现方式与维护手段也处于不断变迁之中，但无论如何，宪法诉讼机制所能提供的只是制约与激励两种。

Thirdly, the games of the manager"s investment, the paper analyzes the conversal choice during selecting the investment items and several managers" strategies on drawing the output, the paper builds the game of manufacturers" noncooperation, the game of manufacturers" cooperation, the game of manufacturers fake cooperation, the dynamic game of anticipative predominance and the game of repeated to analyze the investment strategies.

经营者投资博弈，主要对投资项目的逆向选择和n个厂商制订产量投资决策进行分析，建立厂商的不合作静态博弈、厂商合作的博弈模型、厂商假合作博弈、具有占先优势的动态博弈、重复博弈模型来进行分析。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。