各向异性的

The monosaccharides in LBP-4 identified by GC were xylose , galactose , mannose , Rhamnose , glucose and arabinose with the molar ratio of 4. 45: 1. 20: 1. 0: 0.98: 0.90: 0.85. The content of calcium, magnesium, zinc and iron in LBP-4a were 127. 9070mg·g〓, 32. 3953mg·g〓, 0.3845mg·g〓 and 0.2930mg·g〓, respectively. The content of galacturnic acid in LBP-4a was 55. 45% while the content of protein is 3. 80%. According to IR spectra, it contains -COOH group,-NH- roup,-OH group,-NH〓 group and β-D-glucose. The backbone of sugar residues chain in LBP-4a were contained 1→6 indican bond according to periodate oxidation and the results of β-elimination reaction indicated that the chain of polysaccharides and protein were connected by O-linked chemical bond. The photograph of LBP-4a got by laser scanning confocal microscope and scanning electron microscope showed that the LBP-4a combined both with each other and with itself in its crystalloid. The crystalloid was flake and anisotropic.

由LBP-4a的红外光谱图知：LBP-4a中含有-COOH、-OH和-NH〓或-NH-基团，糖链中含有β-D-吡喃葡萄糖；高碘酸氧化实验知LBP-4a糖链中不具有连二羟基和连三羟基结构的单糖残基：具有连二羟基结构的单糖残基：具有连三羟基结构的单糖残基=57.0：16.2：1，六碳糖残基的连接中含有1→6连接的糖苷键；通过β消去反应证明LBP-4a中多糖链和氨基酸间为-O-型连接；由激光扫描共聚焦显微镜和扫描电镜对LBP-4a结晶观察结果推测：LBP-4a结晶中同时存在分子间和分子内结合的现象，LBP-4a分子相互结合时，并不是无规则的相互缠绕形成无规线团结构，而是形成片层结构，并且LBP-4a结晶可能具有各向异性的性质。

The plastic deformation induced due to cyclic rotation of principal stress axes alone can be in the same magnitude as that due to shear with fixed principal stress axes. 2 The volumetric strain due to shearing of cyclic rotation of principal stress axes is found to be composed of a reversible dilatancy component and an irreversible dilatancy component. The former is characterized by its reversibility and is independent of past shear history, the latter by its irreversibility increases with the increase of cycle number yet its increase rate decreases with its accumulation. 3 The obvious non-coaxiality between directions of the principal stresses and principal strain increments is found and its degree depends largely on the change of shear stress component. 4 The intermediate principal stress has considerable effects on the deformation behavior of sands in the condition of cyclic rotation of principal stress axes. The accumulation rate of the irreversible dilatancy component increases with the increase of the intermediate principal stress parameter.

具有初始各向异性的砂土在纯应力主轴循环旋转排水条件下的主要变形规律为：①纯应力主轴循环旋转可产生与应力主轴固定单调剪切处于同一数量级的塑性变形；②纯应力主轴循环旋转引起的剪切体变包含可逆性剪切体变分量和不可逆性剪切体变分量两部分，其中可逆性剪切体变分量在一周内可完全恢复，基本与应力历史无关；不可逆性剪切体变分量随循环周数的增加呈单调增加，且增加速率随其自身累积值的增大呈减小趋势；③应变增量主轴与应力主轴之间的非共轴现象显著，且在一周内具有分段性；④中主应力对应力主轴循环旋转条件下砂土的变形特性有重要影响，不可逆性剪切体变分量的累积速率随中主应力系数的增加而增加。

The main idea is tolift the band degeneracy at high symmetry points in the Brillouin zone of crystals bylowering the structure symmetry of crystal.One way is introducing nonspherical atomconfigurations,another is introducing anisotropy in atom dielectricity.

设计的核心思想是通过降低光子晶体结构的对称性，消除光子能带在晶体的布里渊区高对称点上的本征简并，以获得完全的带稀我们采用两种方法，一种是将晶体的原子做成非球对称，另一种用各向异性的颗粒球做晶体原子。

4Have done a great deal of research work, while on the stiffened ones, Wanget al. [5, 6, 7] have also done a series of research work. But up to now, tothe author's best knowledge, there have been no papers reported in the openliterature on the stability analysis of the laminated composite shells of revo-lution, both unstiffened and stiffened, by the finite element method.

在SABA族元素[1]的基础上，把复合材料各向异性的弹性性质考虑进去，把纵向筋条处理成为空间梁，计入梁偏心的影响，由梁的基本弹性和几何刚度矩阵出发，经过一系列变换，推导出与SABA元素相协调的新的弹性和几何刚度矩阵，从而较为精确地得到了复合材料叠层及加筋的稳定性分析结果。

Through the establishment of the eight-node hexahedral elements describing continuous variation of the thickness of adjacent elements, the involved nonlinear anisotropic elasto-plastic material model, the control strategies of the dynamic load of trajectories and so on, the FEM model of SPIF was reasonable planed.

通过建立能够描述邻接单元厚度连续变化的八节点六面体实体单元、涉及材料各向异性的非线性弹塑性材料模型、和工具头运动轨迹动态加载的控制策略等数值模拟中的关键性问题，对适用于金属板材单点渐进成形数值模拟分析的有限元模型的建立进行合理规划。

For thin polycrystalline films, especially those with columnar structure, once the diameter of grains on the film surface is larger than the film thickness, the total area of above and under basal planes (film-substrate interface) will be larger than that of side plane.

对于薄膜特别是柱状晶薄膜，当晶粒在膜平面内的尺寸大于膜厚时，柱状晶粒的上底面和下底面的面积将大于侧面的面积，因此薄膜中的晶粒生长除像整体材料中的晶粒生长一样考虑晶界能外，还需要考虑表面能和界面能，因为各向异性的表面能和界面能将导致薄膜中的异常晶粒生长和织构变化。

For thin polycrystalline films, especially those with columnar structure, once the diameter of grains on the film surface is larger than the film thickness, the total area of above and under basal planes (film-substrate interface) will be larger than that of side plane. Therefore besides the minimization of boundary energy in traditional bulk material, surface energy, interface energy would be considered due to the anisotropy of surface energy, interface energy being able to drive the grain growth and texture evolution in thin films.

对于薄膜特别是柱状晶薄膜，当晶粒在膜平面内的尺寸大于膜厚时，柱状晶粒的上底面和下底面的面积将大于侧面的面积，因此薄膜中的晶粒生长除像整体材料中的晶粒生长一样考虑晶界能外，还需要考虑表面能和界面能，因为各向异性的表面能和界面能将导致薄膜中的异常晶粒生长和织构变化。

The results showed that the three straight lines model could fit the soil shrinking and swelling characteristic curves well. The characteristic values of the curves were smaller than 1. This indicated that during the processes of soil swelling and shrinking, the change of the soil specific volume was smaller than that of the soil water content. Values of the geometry factors of four soils studied were equal to 1 at the beginning of shrinking, less than 3 and greater than 1 at other swelling-shrinking phases. The geometry factor values in different phases showed that soil swelling-shrinking was anisotropic and only subsidence occurred at the beginning of shrinking.

结果显示：三直线模型能够很好地拟合4种土壤的收缩、膨胀过程；土壤收缩、膨胀曲线各段的特征值均小于1，这说明土壤胀缩过程中土壤容积的变化速率小于含水量的变化速率；4种土壤胀缩过程中几何因子r大于1而小于3，且收缩初期几何因子r等于1，表明土壤的胀缩是各向异性的，并且在土壤收缩的最初阶段只有垂直收缩。

For non-diagonal processes there is "Coherent enhancement" therefore the one-phonon processes are more important than the two-phonon processes; At the same time, we presented a new theoretical framework of phonon-assisted energy transfer, in which the running lattice wave theory is introduced instead of the Debye theory for phonons,therefore emphasizes the important effects of optical phonons and coherence effects of anisotropic lattice waves etc.

非对角过程中的干涉是相加的，因而首先应考虑单声子而非双声子过程；接着，用计及原子尺度上晶体结构的&格波模声子&取代各向同性连续介质模型中&德拜声子&来描述所涉声子，提出了新的声子协助的能量传递理论，指出了德拜模型中没有的&光学声子的重要性&和&各向异性的格波干渋&等新视点。

However, the results of the previous works about the first-order phase transition are confused and even contradict each other.In this paper, the properties of the phase transition in the transverse spin-2 Ising model with different single-ion anisotropies are studied employing mean-field theory and correlated effective-field theory.

目前，研究最活跃的是所谓的Blume-Capel模型(简单记为BC模型，是只考虑线性交换作用和单离子各向异性的Ising模型)及其扩展模型(引入横场的BC模型和引入无序的BC模型)，但关于BC模型及其扩展模型的一阶相变的结果还很模糊。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。