各向同性体

As the foundation of ultrasonic testing of composite materials, this thesis is intended to explore in detail a number of features of wave propagation in anisotropic plates, and the following essential problems will be considered:(1) Propagation of plane bulk waves in homogeneous and orthotropic anisotropic media;(2) Lamb wave propagation in multilayered anisotropic plates;(3) Influence of isotropic solid or liquid loading on Lamb wave propagation in anisotropic solid media;(4) Influence of interface layers on Lamb wave propagation in layered anisotropic composite laminates;(5) Dispersion characteristic analysis of attenuation Lamb wave while existing an thin viscous layer which is used for simulating the poor curing in adhesively bonded joints.

作为复合材料超声检测的基础，本文研究了如下国际前沿性的课题：（1）平面体波在正交均匀各向异性媒质中的传播；（2）多层各向异性媒质中Lamb波的传播；（3）各向同性固体或液体负载对各向异性固体媒质中Lamb波传播的影响；（4）界面层对层状各向异性复合媒质中Lamb波传播的影响；（5）胶粘剂未固化而呈现粘弹性时粘接结构中衰减Lamb波的频散特性分析。

Based on the primacy aeolotropy rock, transversely isotropic rocks is hypothesized. With the theory of the stress distribution of the rockmass, disaster character of tunnel excavating in the type of transversely isotropic rocks is analyzed, and some strategy and technology of uniso-intensity support are raised.

论文以原生型各向异性物质特征为基础，以岩体横观各向同性为假设条件，利用前人的理论研究结果，对于隧道开挖在此类各向异性岩体中的破坏特征进行了分析和总结，提出了不等强支护的策略技术。

Using group theory, author researched the theoretical discriminating method of rock aeolotropy types from aeolotropy type of rock, elastic symmetrical direction and the number of independent elastic parameter of rock and established the aeolotropy discriminant criteria of transversely isotropic rock and orthotropic rock first time.

论文首次运用群论的方法，从岩石材料各向异性类别、岩石材料的弹性对称方向和独立弹性参数的个数三个方面入手，研究了岩石材料各向异性类别的理论判别方法，并建立了横观各向同性的各向异性体和正交类各向异性体的各向异性类别判别体系。

Layered rock mass has obvious characteristic of transverse isotropy due to bedding plane, and its failure properties are highly complicated.

层状岩体由于受层理结构面的影响而具有明显的横观各向同性，其变形破坏特征更为复杂。

Thirdly, surrounding rock deformation and failure process of layered rock mass in high geo-stress was reappeared through the physical models with different dip angle of rock stratum, and the stress change and failure discipline in the direction of vertical to bedding plane was definitely determined.

根据共和隧道砂质页岩的力学性质，运用相似理论，构筑不同倾角层状岩体的物理模型，研究了高应力条件下层状岩体围岩应力变化及变形破坏过程特征，确定了层状岩体在垂直于层面方向上围岩应力变化规律及破坏形态，揭示了深埋隧道层状岩体的破坏机理；物理模型实验研究得到的围岩应力变化规律及破坏特征与数值模拟分析的结果基本一致，同时也验证了横观各向同性弹塑性本构模型的正确性。

The effect both of the initial ratio of the intensity and of the recording angles of writing waves on the anisotropic Bragg diffraction properties of volume gratings was discussed.

结果表明：记录光入射角和记录光初始光强比均对体光栅的各向异性衍射具有选择性；与此相比，记录光入射角和记录光初始光强比对于体光栅各向同性衍射不具备选择性。

First proposes designing the vibration body of the Ultrasonic Motor with anisotropic composite—CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic), breaks the traditional design of the vibration body with isotropic material, and provides a new thought for the design of the Ultrasonic Motor afterwards.

首次提出了用各向异性复合材料CFRP(Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic)作为超声波电机振动体的设计思想，突破了以往采用各向同性材料作振动体的传统设计概念，为以后超声波电机的设计提供了一个新的思路。

How to process it affects the equivalent prediction of the entire conductor performance. According to the traditional composite theory, the following several predictions were carried: only consider the functions of the stainless steel conduit outside the cable body, the double insulation and the double shielding layer; the influence of the flexible cable body is neglect, so only consider the function of its internal helium tube; the material nature of the cable body is assumed the isotropism, which the elasticity modulus is 1-10 GPa (here taking 2 GPa); combining the homogenization theory with the composite damage theory.

在传统复合材料理论的基础上，对ITER超导电流传输线导体等效弹性模量进行理论预测：预测一，只考虑电缆体外的不锈钢导管、双绝缘和双屏蔽层；预测二，忽略柔性电缆体的影响，但考虑其内部氦管；预测三，假设电缆体呈各向同性，弹性模量取1～10 GPa；预测四，利用均匀化理论分析电缆体的等效弹性模量，复合材料损伤理论分析超导电缆与中心氦管之间、电缆复合体和不锈钢导管之间界面情况。

Directly reading the 210-layer of 0.65-mm-thick consecutive CT Dicom format images of human body thoracolumbar making use of 0.625-mm isotropous resolution thin layer scanning technique into the Mimics. Defining bone organization threshold, withdrawing each outline, partitioning each edge of layer picture, edited selectively and repaired by hole processing. After a redundancy data was cleaned, the thoracolumbar 3-D finite element geometry model was acquired. Then area mesh could be kept as the document Ansys named .lis as the suffix and be introduced into Ansys software directly to mesh body, and then transferred the body mesh to mimics to assignment son the basis of CT values, once again import Ansys to establish 3-D finite element model.

将以各向同性分辨率0.625 mm薄层扫描所得的层厚0.65 mm人体胸腰段连续断层210层Dicom格式CT图像，直接读入Mimics后界定骨组织阈值、提取各层面轮廓线、图像边缘分割、选择性编辑及补洞处理，去除冗余数据，三维化处理后获得胸腰段三维几何面网格模型，将其保存为后缀名。lis的Ansys文件，直接导入Ansys有限元分析软件进行体网格划分，再将体网格转入Mimics根据CT值给予赋值，再次导入Ansys生成有限元模型。

Measurements are also carried out in various distances by moving detector to determine the collimated transmission using very thick sample based on the scattered transmission of tissue is isotropically distributed over all angles.

同时在验证大块组织体透射光亮度空间分布近似各向同性的基础上，理论上提出一种通过移动探测器测量大块组织体的准直透射率的方法，并进行了实验研究。

Breath, muscle contraction of the buttocks; arch body, as far as possible to hold his head, right leg straight towards the ceiling (peg-leg knee in order to avoid muscle tension).

呼气，收缩臀部肌肉；拱起身体，尽量抬起头来，右腿伸直朝向天花板（膝微屈，以避免肌肉紧张）。

The cost of moving grain food products was unchanged from May, but year over year are up 8%.

粮食产品的运输费用与5月份相比没有变化，但却比去年同期高8％。