司法行政

While deciding a case, an executive adjudicator is not subject to federal rules of evidence nor is bound by hearsay rule.

当然，行政证据制度的开放性和发展性要归功于美国联邦各级法院的司法能动主义和判例法制度。

The judicial control of administrative action is one of the most significant topics of American administrative law .

行政行为的司法监督乃是美国行政法上最重要的课题之一。

John, by the grace of God, king of England, lord of Ireland, duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, and count of Anjou, to the archbishops, bishops, abbots, earls, barons, justiciars , foresters, sheriffs , stewards, servants, and to all his bailiffs and faithful subjects , greeting.

约翰的恩典的上帝，国王的英格兰，勋爵的爱尔兰，诺曼底公爵和阿基坦和安茹伯爵，向大主教，主教，方丈，伯爵，男爵， justiciars ，林务员，县行政司法长官，管家，仆人，和他的所有法警和忠实科目，问候。

Nonetheless, large ethnic jurisdictions, particularly the Greek Archdiocese of America, are administratively connected with mother churches abroad.

然而，大型民族的司法管辖区，尤其是希腊大主教美国，是在行政上与国外教会的母亲。

InChina's power structure,we should insist the constitutional position that the prosecution authorities is the authorities of legal supervision,theprosecution power isthe legal supervision power,andput forward that the rational distribution of prosecution power is divided into two levels:the macro level and micro level,in reform of the judieial system,we propose thatShould first of all carry out rational distribution of prosecutionpower from the macro level,addthe suspensionproseeution system,impmve the system to enter a nolle pmsequi,strengthen administrative supervision of civil rights and give the indictment right of Civil Administration.

在我国权力结构中，应坚持检察机关为法律监督机关、检察权为法律监督权的宪法定位，并由此提出检察权的合理配置分为两个层面：宏观层面和微观层面，建议司法体制改革中，应当首先从宏观层面对检察权进行合理配置，增设暂缓起诉制度，完善撤回起诉制度，强化民事行政监督权，赋予民事行政公诉权。

Any administrative action which they take in relation to the determination of origin is reviewable promptly by judicial, arbitral or administrative tribunals or procedures, independent of the authority issuing the determination, which can effect the modification or reversal of the determination

它们所采取的有关原产地确定的任何行政行为均可由独立于发布确定的主管机关的司法、仲裁或行政庭或程序迅速进行审查，该审查可修改或撤销该确定

Any administrative action which they take in relation to the determination of preferential origin is reviewable promptly by judicial, arbitral or administrative tribunals or procedures, independent of the authority issuing the determination, which can effect the modification or reversal of the determination

它们所采取的有关优惠原产地确定的任何行政行为均可由独立于发布确定的主管机关的司法、仲裁或行政庭或程序进行迅速审查，该审查可修改或撤销该确定

As the concrete product of British constitutional reform,Tribunal,Court And Execution Lawin 2007 made important adjustments to administrative tribunals in the fields of nature and orientation,composition and structure,procedure rules,adjudication and appellate mechanism,supervision and relief ofadjudication,etc.,all of which are of great reference value for the perfection of administrative judicial systemin China.

作为英国宪政改革大背景下的具体产物，2007年《裁判所、法院和执行法》对行政裁判所的性质和定位、组成和结构、程序规则、裁决、上诉机制、裁决的监督和救济等都作了重大调整。这些做法对我国行政司法制度的完善具有参考借鉴价值。

Administrative adjudication has some advantageous characters: concrete and administrative in nature, neutral in status, civil on objects and quasi-judicial in function.

行政裁决具有性质上的具体性和行政性、身份上的中间性、对象上的民事性及功能上的&准司法&性等特征，这使得行政裁决制度在化解社会纠纷方面具有了专业、快速、经济等独特优势，成为现代法治国家解决社会纠纷不可或缺的重要手段之一。

Initially, Lord Chancellor is the administrative officials, but with the equity development, he is from executive positions to a judicial office." Lord Chancellor" was the term used to refer to the equity development of the High Court of Chancery the maximum Chief Executive.

最初，大法官是行政官员，但是随着衡平法的发展，从行政职位演变为司法职位，&大法官&一词被用来专指发展了衡平法的&大法官庭&的最高长官。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。