司法的

Owning to structural loopholes, however, we have achieved little progress in the reform of the judicial system in the past decade, especially in freeing the judicial work from administrative interference. Prime concerns now are decentralization of judicial power, bureaucratization of judicial proceedings and low professional competence of judges.

但是，由于体制上的原因，十余年来，我们所进行的司法改革成效甚微，特别是由于司法受制于行政的现状并未得到根本的扭转，在司法工作中，确实存在着司法权力地方化、审判活动行政化、法官职业大众化这三大顽症。

Meanwhile, since compulsory disbandment of company is a very strict judicial remedy, it should be treated prudently during practicing.

同时，由于司法解散公司是一种非常严厉的司法救济措施，在司法实践中必须慎重对待。

To overcoming these obstacles and realize the judicial independence, we should take the following measures: making the law suability, implementing the constitutional position of the judicial authority, standardizing courts management system and fostering modern judicial culture.

并提出要克服这些障碍实现司法独立应从以下几方面入手：一是赋予法律可诉性；二是落实司法机关的宪政地位；三是规范法院管理体制；四是培育现代司法文化。

It had been abolished in the end of Qing Dynasty with the influence of the western legal conception . Though the development of inquisition by torture , we can find three complications that make it overrun in the archaic law : Our traditional legal concept , the law principle of "guilty presumption" and the distemperedness of supervise system .

通过对刑讯制度三千年来发展轨迹的研究，我们认为导致古代司法活动中刑讯泛滥的主要原因有以下三个方面：一是传统司法理念忽视诉讼当事人的合法权利；二是古代司法活动遵循的是&有罪推定&的原则和&罪从供定&的证据规则；三是司法权力过于集中、司法监督力度的薄弱。

The international judicial assistance in criminal matters is an international judicial system for governments' cooperative punishing criminal facts. It's an act of justicial bureaus of different countries or areas to help or take the place of each other to complete judicial matters according to conventions or adhering to the principles of mutual benefit during activities of criminal lawsuit.

国际刑事司法协助是各国政府之间合作制裁违法犯罪行为的一项国际司法制度，是不同国家和地区的司法当局之间，依据相关国际条约所确立的义务，或遵循互惠原则，在刑事追诉活动中相互帮助，代为完成一定司法事宜的行为。

This paper starts with the introduction of the concept and character of justice prejudication, analyzing its importance from different legal point of view, and then under the generally grasp developing trend of international private law, I will discuss the role that justice prejudication would play in the trend.

本文从介绍司法判例的概念和特点入手，分别从不同法系的角度展开分析司法判例的重要性；再则宏观把握国际私法的发展趋势，分析司法判例在这发展趋势中所起到的作用；其次再从我国的角度，简要阐述重视司法判例的必然性；最后立足于我国，分析建立起国际司法判例制度的基础和注意的问题，对于是否应该建立起国际私法判例制度发表一些个人的观点。

To realize the rule of law in China,judiciary must be guaranteed, which depends on the effective operation and legal guarantee of judiciary power as well as the basic quality of judiciaries.

要实现依法治国，必须确保司法公正。而司法公正的实现有赖于司法人员的法律素质和对司法权力的有效行使及法律保障。

Judiciaries always use of judicial resources not in accordance with the goal of principals. The organization and management systems are lack of relevant incentive constraints on the judiciaries. The results have led to conflicts of interest for social frustration and discontent.

现实中司法者经常不按照委托人的目标去使用司法资源，相关制度安排和管理缺乏有效的激励约束，依靠让司法者超越人性去完成司法使命，导致的利益冲突结果屡屡让社会失望和不满。

There are many serious misleading in how to apply the principle of "fraud exception", whereas, it is necessary to make a legal research on the principle of "fraud exception" in light of former researches. The article consists of two parts. In the first part, the author put emphasis on the principle of abstract independence, the definition, the establishment and development of the principle of fraud exception, the analysis of the fraud, the theory, the prerequisite and the procedure of apply the principle of "fraud exception" in order to establish the general principle and necessary procedure. In the second part, the author analysis the existing backward conditions oflegislation and judicial practice in China, and courts" attitude to the judicial remedy for the principle of " fraud exception", further, the author puts forward some suggestions on how to make the legislation on the principle of "fraud exception" perfect, and how to apply the procedure of judicial remedy for the principle of "fraud exception". Lastly, the author hopes that these suggestions could benefit to the judicial practice and the future legislation on the principle of "fraud exception.

我国在加入世界贸易组织后，按照国际惯例和国际公约处理国际贸易中的纠纷己成为一种必然趋势，鉴于我国法院对如何准确适用信用证欺诈例外原则存在着严重误区，使得在先前学者研究的基础上再一次研究欺诈例外原则很有必要，本文分两个部分，第一部分对信用证独立抽象原则、信用证欺诈例外原则的定义、确立与发展、对例外原则下欺诈的分析、理论基础、适用条件以及程序等六方面展开论述，从而确立信用证欺诈例外原则的一般原则和必要的程序：第二部分主要分析我国司法实践中信用证欺诈例外原则司法救济的立法以及司法现状，及法院对欺诈例外原则的态度，从而对如何完善我国法院欺诈例外原则的法律依据以及如何正确适用欺诈例外原则的司法救济程序提出一些构思，希望为欺诈例外原则在我国的司法实践以及为以后的相应立法提供有益的参考。

Based on the research background and motivation, the major purposes of this dissertation are:（1）to use historical archives survey, a literature review in combination with a field investigation to consider and re-trace the architectural discourse of Taiwan's courthouses during the Japanese colonial period;（2）to discuss historical development ;（3）to demonstrate the process of the interaction between the legal system and the spatial form of Taiwan's courthouses in the historical context.

基於上述研究背景与动机，本论文研究目的如下：（1）透过史料研究、档案搜集与田野调查考察与建构日治台湾司法建筑的基本资料；（2）探讨台湾司法建筑之建置历程；（3）论证此历史脉络下的台湾司法制度与司法建筑空间这两者互相形构的过程。

The reasons of iron ions content overproof in grade Ⅱ desalting water system,such as variation water quality,contamination of regenerant , operation adjustment of pretreatment system and switching operation of bed were discussed.

对二级脱盐水系统中铁离子含量超标的原因，如来水水质发生波动、再生剂受到污染、预处理系统操作调整、床体运行切换等进行了论述。

You were hired to drum up new business, so go and do it.

公司雇你招徕新业务，你就做你的事好了。