司法审查

The practices of the power of detention and search back to the court indicated that the mechanism of the judicial review could protect the accused and the common citizen against the inurbane infringe of the national power,while the rough practice of the judicial review on the arrest and detention in Russia bear out that the realization of the judicial review should overcome many difficulties,especially change the old structure of national power and establish the new one.

我国台湾地区羁押权、搜查权收归"法院"的成功实践表明，司法审查机制能够成为保护被追诉者乃至普通公民免受国家权力无理侵犯的甲胄；俄罗斯建立法院对逮捕、羁押的司法审查机制的艰难实践却证明，司法审查制度最终得以实现需要突破重重难关，尤其是改变旧的权力格局，确立新的权力结构。

The third section illustrates the theoretical foundation for judicial review and necessity to establish such system in China.

本文第三章着重说明了司法审查的理论基础以及我国建立司法审查的必要性。

In the years 1999 and 2000, only 57 of over 6,500 cases have resulted in judicial review applications.

在1999和2000年的6，500多例申请中，要求进行司法审查的申请只有57例，其中被否决、撤销或同意进行司法审查的也只有14例。

It follows then that anything ministers do can be judicially reviewed, but also, any law passed by the Assembly itself as a legislature can be judicially reviewed.

这样说来，大臣们所做的任何行为都是可以加以司法审查的。与此同时，议会本身通过的任何立法也可以从司法角度加以审查。

While Waldron has made a powerful case as to why judicial review and democracy do not fit well together, I have suggested that the case against judicial review can be made even stronger.

沃尔德伦提出了一个关于为什么司法审查与民主并不适合在一起的有力诉讼，同时，我也认为，诉讼替代司法审查可以变得更坚实。

It wants to keep neutrality of the judge, prevent misusing of the accusatorial power and strengthen the accused. At present, almost all of the students consider it as a fundamental principle in criminal proceedings and point out some drawbacks in the trial stage of criminal proceedings in China. But that is not systematic and overall. Meanwhile the historical, relative and theory-to-practice methods were used in the article. On base of studying the historical development and analyzing the meaning and main demands of it, the article come up with many reformatory suggestions for thoroughgoing implementing it according to the drawbacks of criminal proceedings in China: establishing judicial review and letting no-trial judge inspect accusation before the trial, restricting strictly judge's conduct of changing accusation and inspecting out of court, upbuilding partly investigating system, forbidding judge to initiate retrial which is harmful to the accused.

本文运用了历史的、比较的和理论联系实际的方法，从研究控审分离原则的历史沿革入手，深刻剖析了其理论内涵和基本要求，最后针对我国刑事诉讼中存在的不足之处，就彻底贯彻该原则提出了五点改革性意见：确立审前司法审查机制，使程序性裁判主体与控诉主体彻底分离；在公诉审查中，由独立于庭审法官的预审法官对公诉进行实体性审查；在一审程序中，对法院变更起诉以及庭外调查的行为给予严格的限制，防止法院在事实上承担追诉职能；在第二审程序中，废除全面审查原则，代之以部分审查方式；取消人民法院主动提起再审程序的权力，或者至少应当取消法院主动提起不利于被告人的再审程序的权力。

Today's judicial review is a one-way lawsuit pattern constructed with the review on coercive act as the center,but the rise of noncoercive act inevitably requires relevant reform of judicial re...

现行的司法审查是以对强制性行为的审查为中心构建的单向度的诉讼模式，非强制性行为的兴起必然要求司法审查模式作相应的改革。

Through legislation or prejudication of the court, most countries build up their characteristic standards on judicial review of administrative acts, and generally set up judicial review system to restrict the use of administrative discretion.

大多数国家都通过立法或法院判例确立了各具特色的对行政行为进行司法审查的标准，并普遍设立了司法审查制度，对行政自由裁量权的行使进行制约。

In the third part , the author defines the legitimation of the judicial review to the abstract action . the author analyses the experience of constitutionalism of typic foreign countries and the defects of the devised control system to the abstract actions in china , and deems that it is necessary to establish the system of judicial review to the abstract action

第三部分&具体制度的建构：对抽象行政行为的司法审查&，在对中国现行司法审查制度评价的基础上，通过对抽象行政行为进行司法审查的必要性和优越性以及西方发达国家对抽象行政行为的审查机制的分析，明确在中国构建对抽象行政行为进行司法审查制度的正当性。

After systematicallyinvestigating relations between judicature and administration in Continental and Commonlaw system,the article points out that Anglo-American judicial review is in nature a kindof appellate review and intensity of judicial review is weak whereas administrativelitigation of continental legal system is akin to the administration and intensity of judicialreview is strong.

文章系统地考察了英美和大陆两大法系行政与司法的关系，指出英美司法审查本质是一种上诉审，法院的审查强度相对要弱；而大陆法系的行政诉讼具有类似行政的性质，法院的审查强度比英美强大。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。