司法制度

Counterclaim particularly belongs to one kind of joinder of actions,either in law making or in practice,if we can understand and master it's fundamental character and inherent law,it will be not only to help us to save litigants'costs as well as judicial resources,but also be able to avoid the possibility of any conflicts between judgments.

反诉属于一种较为典型的诉的合并，无论在立法上还是在实务上，正确地认识与把握反诉制度的基本属性与内在规律，就能够有利于实现节约当事人的诉讼成本、法院的司法资源，并且有助于避免裁判间的矛盾。

And the system of traffic accident identification and remedy remains such defects which lead to the situation mentioned above: Firstly, there is no strict check and appraise measures to qualification of traffic accident judger; Secondly, one identification is the final ruling which may be reckless; Finally, the legal rights and interests of traffic accident parties cannot be guarded effectively and timely due to the present situation of remedy in china.

需要说明的是，在建立交通事故认定行政复议制度的设计上，本人认为应采取可选择性复议前置程序较为妥当；而将交通事故认定纳入到行政诉讼受案范围对其进行司法救济，无论从行政诉讼的立法目的、现行的行政法律规定、交通事故认定所产生的法律后果还是法院对行政案件的审判能力以及对当事人诉权的保护等角度来看，都是十分必要的。

So our countrys judicature independence is not sound.

我国的司法独立制度是非常不健全的。

The state auditing judicature in our country has certain theoretical basis and system foundation.

国家审计司法化在我国具有理论与制度基础。

Therefore, it is necessary to set up the system of judicial review to internal administrative act.

因此，有必要在我国建立内部行政行为司法审查制度。

Chapter three analyses the function of U.S.A.'s judicial review.

第三章分析了美国司法审查制度的功能。

These three standards are the essence of the system of judicial review for administrative act.

第三部分主要论述了我国抽象行政行为司法审查制度的完善，这也是本文的主题和重心所在。

Of law and the independence of the Judiciary .

香港特别行政区的法律制度，建立在法治和司法独立的稳固基础上。

The doctrine and practice of the Council of Europe in the promotion and protection of has had profound influence on the international protection of human rights as follows: Regional approach is the effective way to enforce the UD ;The international institutions of human rights must upgrade the justiciability of human rights through their reformations; States ought to exercise their sovereignty actively in protecting human rights in regional mechanism . The consciousness of the subject of individual right is naturally required to be strengthened in the protection of human rights; The international institutions of human rights ought to improve their working efficiency.

内容提要欧洲理事会采取集体办法促进和保护人权的理论和实践对建立和完善国际人权保护制度产生了深远的影响：区域性人权保护办法是在区域层面上施行《世界人权宣言》的有效途径；国际人权机构应通过改革不断提高人权的可司法性；主权国家应在采取集体办法保护区域人权方面积极行使主权权利；人权国际保护内在地要求增强个人的权利主体意识；国际人权保护机构应不断提高其工作效率。

It's the important cause of justifiability of the defense, and the division of the defense and the over-defense.

直是正当防卫制度的核心问题\\它既是正当防卫正当性的重要条件\\也成为正当防卫与防卫过当的分界线\\几乎司法实务中每个正当防卫案件都要涉及必要限度之判断。。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。