司法制度

The thesis will begin with the introduction of counterpart of English judicial review. According to the unscramble of counterpart prejudication in the history of Britain, I will abstract the logic category of "administrative discretion------the principle of reasonableness", and based on the logic category, I will point out that if want to justify the review of court on the administrative discretion such as "misuse of authority"and "apparently inequitable administrative punishment", we must induct the principle of reasonableness. And based on the material of concrete cases, I will analyze that there still are states of unreasonable execution of administrative discretion in the rest representations of unlawfulness in the 54th provision of our statute law of administrative litigation.

本文首先考察英国合理性审查原则的相关制度，通过解读英国历史上重要相关判例，提炼出"行政裁量权——合理性审查原则"这一逻辑规范范畴，并以此范畴为切入视角，指出，要在理论上正当化法院对"滥用职权"和"显失公正行政处罚"等行政裁量权的司法审查，必须引入合理性审查原则，并以具体案例为材料，通过分析得出，在《行政诉讼法》第54 条的其他违法表现形式中，都有行政裁量权不合理行使的情形存在，并指出，产生这种现象的原因是，《行政诉讼法》第54 条规定的七种违法表现形式采取的是不同的分类标准。

So the continent law system countries generally set up the system of reviewing adjudgment for this reason including China, But during the judicial practice of our country in a long time, because we put more emphasis on pursuing " objective and true " of the case and " correct any mistake " excessively, seldom consider the power of the civil adjudgment, so there are many problems in it.

但是长期以来在我国的司法实践中，由于过分强调追求案件的客观真实和有错必纠，而很少考虑既判力的效力，使得既判力理论在我国面临着很多的问题，受到了再审制度的严重威胁和破坏。

Systemic study is practiced on system, antilogy, policy and legislation of criminal law.

本文在唯物史观的指导下，主要采用历史述事方法，借助法学和社会学等多种学科的研究方法，以新中国政治变革为主要线索，结合社会变革和刑法自身发展的特殊情况，以新中国刑法史上的重大历史事件为背景，对新中国刑法50多年的曲折发展变化进行了历史的考察，将各个时期的刑法制度、刑法思想、刑事政策与立法、司法实践有机结合起来进行研究，全面反映了新中国刑法发展的轨迹，探讨了刑法发展的规律性，揭示了相关历史事件掩盖或包容的刑法精神、刑法内容和刑法意义，对其中存在的一些问题进行了深刻反思和检讨，总结了经验和教训，对今后刑法建设的发展和推进中国法治的未来具有重大的现实意义。

The author believes that the establishment of appellee s responsibility for quoting evidence will play a very important part in protecting accuser s rights and guaranteeing the judicial review.

笔者认为，被告举证责任制度的确立和进一步完善将对行政主体依法行使职权、行政相对方合法权益的保护及保障法院司法审查的顺利进行起到重要的推动作用。

Proceeding the research to the arbitral kind is the premise and foundation of studying the whole system .

对仲裁的性质进行研究，是研究整个司法监督制度的前提。

Jury system as a common-law judicial important component of China to improve the peoples jury system is very important to learn.

陪审制度作为英美法系司法的重要组成部分，对完善我国人民陪审员制度具有很重要的借鉴意义。

The paper study how to protect buyer's right in the commercial house preselling and hope to offer fodder and point of view to make the commercial house preselling system perfect On the base of not to cancel the preselling system and link to our country law and judicatory practice.

本文以预购人的权益保护为中心，结合我国现行的法律规定和司法实践，在现阶段不适宜取消商品房预售制度基础上对预购人的权益保护进行研究探讨，为完善现有的商品房预售制度提供素材和视角。

Beginning from the historical evolution, this thesis probes into the essence and value of voluntary surrender system , with a focus on its forming conditions and judicial practice, including the common voluntary surrender and quasi-voluntary surrender, as well as suggestions on the system from the author.

作者从自首的历史沿革入手，探讨了自首的本质与自首制度的价值所在，着重论析了自首成立的条件和司法认定，包括一般自首成立的条件和准自首成立的条件，并对完善我国的自首制度提出建言。

On those questions, with the analysis and the comparison of the system of self-admission in or out of our county, the author makes proposals on construction self-admission system in Chinese civil proceeding law, so that can make it progress in the theory and the social practice.

针对这些问题，笔者通过对国内外关于自认制度的法律规定和司法实践的分析比较研究，提出自己的一点粗浅想法，旨在对这一新确立的法律制度在理论和实践中的不断发展和完善贡献力量。

Part two, discuss the achievement which Qin and Han Dynasties have made in the field of forensic medicine on seviral topics, such as: knowledge of the death and postmortem phenomena, the postmortem examination, the trauma examination, the examination of some diseases prescribde by law, identification and paternity test, forensic foxicology, forensic veteninary medicine crime investigation, emergency treatment and save, examination system, forensic medicine terms in Qin and Han Dynasties.

第二部分，对秦汉时期人们对死亡及尸体现象的认识，尸体检验（自缢、贼死、烧死、病死）、疾病诊验（麻风病、传染病、精神病、诈病、流产等涉及法律的疾病进行鉴定）、损伤检验（伤型、致伤物、保辜制度）、个体识别和亲权鉴定、刑事侦查、法医中毒、牲畜检验、紧急救治、检验制度、司法检验术语等诸问题进行专题讨论，勾勒出了秦汉法医学的基本情况。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。