司法制度

The author of this article on the meaning of the sentence in absentia in China and features, there are drawbacks to carry out the analysis, perfect for the absence of China's ruling regime had a value orientation to rethink and improve the modern concept of justice under our system of ruling the absence of concrete steps, such as model legislation The choice of the absence of that standard, as well as the absence of the decision to start the sentence in absentia for the relief and other issues in theory and in practice, made some preliminary discussions in order to seek at all.

本文笔者就我国缺席判决的含义及特点，存在的弊端进行了分析，对完善我国缺席判决制度的价值取向进行了重新思考，并对完善现代司法理念下我国缺席判决制度的具体步骤，如立法模式的选择，缺席的认定标准，缺席判决的启动以及对缺席判决的救济等问题从理论和实践上作了一些初步的探讨，以求教于大家。

While deciding a case, an executive adjudicator is not subject to federal rules of evidence nor is bound by hearsay rule.

当然，行政证据制度的开放性和发展性要归功于美国联邦各级法院的司法能动主义和判例法制度。

In order to coordinate with the regulation of WTO, under the condition of the judicial mechanism of our country at present, can be through stipulating and perfecting the judicial review of administrative activity and checking r

为与WTO的规定相协调，在目前我国司法体制的条件下，可以通过在相关法律中以特别条款的形式予以规定以及完善行政行为司法审查相关制度等方式解决。

In order to coordinate with the regulation of WTO, under the condition of the judicial mechanism of our country at present, can be through stipulating and perfecting the judicial review of administrative activity and checking relevant systems etc.

为与WTO的规定相协调，在目前我国司法体制的条件下，可以通过在相关法律中以特别条款的形式予以规定以及完善行政行为司法审查相关制度等方式解决。

Criminal and Punishment of Local Officers in Qin State Reflected in The Bamboo Books of Qin Tomb Found in Sui Hudi;2. In the Spring-Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the prosecution system in Chu State and Qin State was quite mature.

在春秋战国时期，楚国和秦国的起诉制度已相当完备，如起诉形式已有了公诉与自诉之分，自诉案件中出现了本诉与反诉，司法机构受理起诉的条件也有了制度性规定，起诉与受理阶段还制作了相当规范的司法文书。

Therefore in this paper myself brief analysis officer of the court (various Grass-roots court, public security, each kind of people discussing dispute which Redressing committee's staff) could often meet is the key point, elaborated some question which could meet in each kind of mediation work activity, to the judicial mediation system, the judicial mediation's principle, the function, the mediation work's matters needing attention, how as well as to regard the mediation in civil action's function practice the common force mediation, this mediation not to give the mediation, the unprincipled mediation or "smooths over differences", the long accent several questions not definitely to make the superficial analysis.

因而在此论文中本人浅析了法律工作者（各基层法院，公安，调解委员会的工作人员）都会常遇见的各类民商纠纷为重点，论述了一些在各类调解工作活动中都会遇到的问题，对司法调解制度，司法调解的原则、作用，调解工作的注意事项，以及如何看待调解在民事诉讼中的作用实践中常见的强迫调解、该调解的不予调解、无原则调解或&和稀泥&、久调不决的几个问题作出了肤浅的分析。

With the development of economy, politics and culture in different legal regions, dissensions in the laws of civil and business have increased. As a result, the communication in the legal area has increased, too.

各法域之间由于经济、政治、文化等方面的发展，使得民商事法律纠纷越来越多，进而司法领域的交往也不断增加，这就必然要求各法域间要有系统司法协助制度。

Comparing with China, western countries have hundreds of traditional history of rule of law which have formed the mature idea and design of system, including carry out the idea of human right during compulsive measure system. The way to confine the system of detention is detention must come through nonaligned judicial review and heard the idea of the detainee.

它们成功控制羁押的方法是：羁押必须经过中立的司法审查，审查时须听取当事人意见；被羁押人可依申告获得司法救济，并享有律师帮助权；法院有对于羁押的复查制度；保释优先适用等。

During the judicial reform at the end of Qing Dynasty, modern court system and prosecutorial system were established, leading to the primary separation of judicial power from administrative authority.

在清末刑事司法改革过程中，审判厅、检察厅得以设置，审判权、侦查权等与普通行政权实现了初步分离，司法警察制度也得以创设，侦查权的传统构造被打破。

A few rules, which are hidebound simple unclear and easy to misunderstand, are made for securing of property before litigation. In the years that the is carried out, the civil entanglement increases day by day, the relation of laws is more and more complicated, which are followed with the establishment of laws and judicature explanation, however, some rules can not keep steps with current situation, which can block the work of securing of property before litigation, since it is not convenient for application of party and bring certain restriction for cognizance.

我国《民事诉讼法》虽然专章规定了保全制度，但保全范围仅限于财产保全，相关规定也仅有六条，且将诉讼保全与诉前保全一并规定，在《最高人民法院关于适用＜中华人民共和国民事诉讼法＞若干问题的意见》也仅规定了十三条，关于诉前财产保全的规定就更是了了无几了，且规定得过于原则、简单、模糊不清，容易产生歧义，《民事诉讼法》施行以来的十几年来，民事纠纷日益增多、法律关系越来越复杂，随之相关法律和司法解释相继出台，但关于诉前保全却仅出台了几个司法解释，没有与当前的形势同步发展，某些规定已有所滞后，使得诉前财产保全的运作存在一定的障碍，既不方便利害关系人申请，也给法院审理带来一定限制。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。