司法制度

In order to avoid the crisis of procedural legitimacy rooted in this contradiction,the west countries'practice is,under the judicial system in a semi—autonomous and semi—open state,to achieve the beneficial interaction among policy, procedural institutions and the rules so as to guarantee the judicial capability in the modern society and hereby design the procedure according to the criminal policy oftreating petty misdemeanor with more alleviative disposition and treating felony with more severe sanction.

西方国家的实践经验是：在司法系统保持半自治半开放的状态下，政策与程序制度、规则进行良性互动，按照"轻轻重重"的刑事政策设计诉讼程序，以此维持司法制度在现代社会中的程序能力。

Appellate systems fall into the styles,"appeals","revision",and"cassation".They are formed by different histories and traditions.But theconvergent development of appellate systems forms the identical three levelsjudicial hierarchy,or,judicial pyramid.The functions and authorities ofappellate courts and the supreme court are distributed based on theconstructive technical of pyramid.

基于传统原因形成的复审程序模式被大致分为"上诉制"、"更审制"和"撤销制"，但源头各异的复审制度趋同发展的结果形成了当代典型的三审终审的金字塔式的司法制度结构或司法等级制，并按照金字塔结构的工程技术原理配置两级复审程序之间功能。

In many countries, Clemency, a nonjudicial means, is a system which interferes in the justice.

赦免是各国以外在于司法制度的方法干预司法的一项制度。

Expert testing system is an important part of the judicial system.

司法鉴定制度是司法制度的重要组成部分。

China's judiciary is comparable with some of the best in the world.

中国的司法制度是可以与世界上一些最好的司法制度相互媲美的。

In a bid to safeguard the law and social justice, China has established a judicial system, improved the adjudicative systems for civil, administrative and criminal cases, and undertaken modernisation in line with the requirements for building a socialist country under the rule of law.

为了维护法律和社会公正，中国建立了健全的审判制度，完善了民事、行政和刑事三大审判体系，形成了符合建设社会主义法治国家要求的现代司法制度，努力维护司法公正和社会正义。

The international judicial assistance in criminal matters is an international judicial system for governments' cooperative punishing criminal facts. It's an act of justicial bureaus of different countries or areas to help or take the place of each other to complete judicial matters according to conventions or adhering to the principles of mutual benefit during activities of criminal lawsuit.

国际刑事司法协助是各国政府之间合作制裁违法犯罪行为的一项国际司法制度，是不同国家和地区的司法当局之间，依据相关国际条约所确立的义务，或遵循互惠原则，在刑事追诉活动中相互帮助，代为完成一定司法事宜的行为。

The modernistic factors of the judicial system include judicial independence, judicial unitarily, judge's professionalism and nationalization of judicature etc.

司法制度的现代性因素包括司法的独立性、司法的统一性、法官的职业化及司法权威的国家化等。

Modem judicial system predetermines specific content of law texts and advocates judicial formalism. Legal reasoning becomes a basic approach to applying laws and making judgment; judicature holds a position of authority. It is a basis of judicial legitimacy to abide by rules of judicial procedures.

现代性语境中的司法制度预定法律文本具有确定性内容，崇尚司法形式主义，法律推理成为法官适用法律和作出判决的基本方法，司法具有权威性地位，对司法程序规则的恪守构成司法合法性基础。

Based on the research background and motivation, the major purposes of this dissertation are:（1）to use historical archives survey, a literature review in combination with a field investigation to consider and re-trace the architectural discourse of Taiwan's courthouses during the Japanese colonial period;（2）to discuss historical development ;（3）to demonstrate the process of the interaction between the legal system and the spatial form of Taiwan's courthouses in the historical context.

基於上述研究背景与动机，本论文研究目的如下：（1）透过史料研究、档案搜集与田野调查考察与建构日治台湾司法建筑的基本资料；（2）探讨台湾司法建筑之建置历程；（3）论证此历史脉络下的台湾司法制度与司法建筑空间这两者互相形构的过程。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。