司法上的

In 1764, Cesare Beccaria, a famous Italian jurisprudent, first definitely put forward the proposition of abolishing and restricting the application of execution, and from then on, the argument about the keeping and abolishing of execution has continued, but the problem of execution hasn't been solved once for all in deed.

目前，已全面废除死刑和实际上废除死刑的国家已达100多个，但死刑在我国法律上的规定和司法实践中的适用还比较广泛，对我国现行死刑制度的认识和理解，在法学界和司法界中还存在着诸多的争议。

The institutionalization and democratization of the administration of the city, and the consequent identification of the burgher class to public authority prepared the institutional and ideological basis for the modern nation state.

城市司法自治下的罗马私法复兴，赋予了市民个体在法律上的平等地位，民主、权利、自由与平等的信仰，开始深植于西欧社会的思想观念中。

The immission, which is an important concept of civil law, is prescribed formly in the new property law for the first time in the field of our civil law. But it is not enough and it has not become a systematic legal system. So it brings more difficulty to the justice.

李东摘要：不可量物侵害是民法上的一个重要概念，我国新颁布的《物权法》首次在我国民法领域正式规定了这一制度，但这一规定是十分肤浅的，还没有真正形成比较系统的法律体系，因此就给司法实践带来诸多不便。

In its last-minute appeal against the WTO's Aug. 12 ruling on media distribution restrictions, China charged that the WTO panel 'committed errors of law and legal interpretation in concluding that none of the measures are 'necessary' to protect public morals.

北京街头的外国电影海报在对WTO 8月12日有关媒体分销限制所做裁决最后一刻的上诉中，中国指责WTO有关小组犯了法律和司法解释上的错误，得出了在保护公共道德方面没有必要采取任何措施的结论。

Similarly, judicial refusals to strike down vague regulatory statutes under the delegation doctrine are sometimes predicated on an expectation that the administering agency will develop standards to particularize the statute .

同样，司法上拒绝取消依据授权理论形成的模糊的管理法规有时是以以下期望为基础的，即负责管理的机关日后会发展使法规具体化的标准。

So Preliminary Hearing in narrow sense only includes the procedure of reviewing the indictment from prosecutor and we can call it "Preliminary Hearing in the sense of pure judicial review", which is the key point of this article.

因此狭义的预审仅指对检控方的起诉进行审查的程序，可以称之为"纯粹司法审查意义上的预审"，这是本文研究的重点。

Through analyzing the law and the rural customs,this article argues that there are three reasons for this problem: the inadequacy of the law,the conflict between the rural customs and the law,and the lack of effective admi...

本文通过对法律文本和农村风俗习惯的分析，认为妇女土地权利遭受损害的原因主要在于国家立法上的缺陷、民间规约与国家法律的矛盾和冲突、缺乏有力的行政和司法救济手段三个方面。

Even through the prohibitive rules on the circulation of collective land still cannot be abandoned, the country has to provide evadable terms, as well as changes in legislation and practice, with the illegal circulation of collective land consistently confronting the macro-land system in the form of micro-behavior.

集体土地非法入市以微观行为的形式顽强地对抗着宏观土地制度。最终，虽然目前国家仍没有放弃对集体土地入市的禁止性规定，但却提供了可供规避的司法空间以及立法和实践上的松动。

These terms reflect the widespread, though not universal, belief or allegation that it is no longer, if ever it was, defensible to interpret public administration as solely involved in technically objective solutions or in the neutral implementation of decisions made by nonadministrative parts of the political system (e.g., partisan leadership; electoral processes; party processes; partisan bargaining; and parliamentary, legislative, and judicial institutions).

这些术语反映了一种虽未普遍认同但广为传播的观点或主张，这种观点或主张认为把公共管理仅看作是技术上的客观解决方案或政治系统非管理部门（例如，党派领导；选举程序；政党作用；党派交涉，以及议会、立法和司法机构）决策的中立执行，即使过去站得住脚，现在也是不可能的。

If we don't study its phenomenon, we have no way to know its general law. From basic theory of documentary evidence, this paper analyses definition, characteristic, cause and classify of defective documentary evidence, study several kinds of it in practice, introduce legislation status at home and abroad, finally, analyses that parties apply and take precautions against it and that judges estimate its probative force, etc.

本文从书证基础理论入手，分析了瑕疵书证的定义、特点、产生原因、分类等一般性理论问题，结合典型案例分析了在司法实践中瑕疵书证的常见形态，从比较法角度介绍了域外在瑕疵书证问题上的立法状况，最后，分析了当事人对瑕疵书证的预防、运用技术及法官对瑕疵书证证明力的审查判断等问题。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。