司法上的

While convicting the abuse of of ficial powers,we should focus on the function of behavior norms.However, taking"heavy losses"as a constitutive requirement of the crime will certainly confine the function of behavior norms. Though a liberal judicial interpretation is conducive to the performance of the function,it will jeopardize the principle of nullum crimen sine lege.

滥用职权罪应以行为规范功能为先，以"重大损失"作为构成要件限制了其行为规范功能；司法上的扩张解释虽然有助于实现该功能，却又危及罪刑法定原则。

Decriminalization by judicial practice is the main route of decriminalization in China. The standards on the non—prosecution cases just do this way.

司法上的非犯罪化将是我国目前及今后非犯罪化的主要途径，《不起诉标准》就属于这方面的实践。

The first section introduce the conflict with cases, clarify the conception, enucleate the phenomena of right conflict of trademark and trade name in this article is mean to the similar between trademark and trade name.

近年来，以商标与商号相同、相似运用为手段的不正当竞争行为层出不穷，商标与商号权利冲突矛盾突出，造成执法、司法上的许多困扰。

However, the current system of criminal expert evaluation in China has a crucial problem, which in some degree affects the fairness of justice. In the relevant legislation of China, the start-up rights of expert evaluation are totally under the control of investigative organizations and judicial organizations. The experts of criminal expert evaluation under above-mentioned organizations result in the deficiency of the ability of the evidence and the effects of the evidence. Under such circumstance, the manifoldness and dispersion of the system of criminal expert evaluation in theory change into unification and centralization.

但是，我国现行的刑事司法鉴定制度存在严重问题，并在一定程度上影响了司法公正，在我国的相关立法中，鉴定启动权完全掌控在侦查机关和司法机关，刑事鉴定人身份机关化使刑事鉴定的证据能力和证据效力存在缺陷，刑事司法鉴定体制由理论上的"多元"和"分散"异化为实践中的"一元"和"集中"。

Adjusting between welfare and punishment, tend towards middle of the road is the rule of juvenile justice policy development. Welfare is a kind of periphrastic juvenile control policy, the pretext to constructing juvenile justice system, and the groundwork that cannot been threw away during the development of juvenile justice.

本文通过对美国少年司法起源与变迁史的考察发现，无论是多么伪善或者直白，少年司法起源与变迁背后的推动力均主要源自成人社会控制少年的需要；而少年司法政策的演变规律则呈现出在福利与惩罚之间调整其立场，在总体上走向折中主义的趋势；作为一种"隐蔽而迂回"的少年控制策略，福利是建构少年司法的旗帜，也是少年司法变迁中难以背弃的根基。19世纪以前的美国，大体处于"前少年司法时代"。

By analyzingthe bifurcation of the solum "loid' application immediate", quasi "loid' applicationimmediate" and the "loid' application immediate" of the third party in the practiceapplication, the writer presents a rational resolution. And also considered thepractice of the "loid' application immediate" in legislation and judicature, the writeranalyzed the weak points and tabled some proposals.

通过分析法院地"直接适用的法"、准据法国"直接适用的法"以及第三国"直接适用的法"在实践应用中的分歧，笔者尝试给出了合理的解决方案，并结合我国"直接适用的法"在立法和司法上的实践，分析不足之处，提出建议。

A whole series of judicial misdemeanours, ranging from the titillating to the outrageous, has emerged over the past year.

事实上，在去年的一年里，从轻微到严重，一系列司法上的不端行为就已经不断出现。

This kind of juridic struggles, final put oneself in another's position adopts democratic election president for constituency now, will change the group structure of highest courtyard judge.

这种司法上的斗争，最后体现为选民通过民主选举总统，来改变最高院法官的派别结构。

At the same time, it's necessarily that restriction should be setted in the process of the media supervision, because that there is repellency between the freedom of press and judicial independence, and differencebetween the run mechanism of media and court.

同时，新闻自由与司法独立一定程度上的排斥性，新闻媒体与司法审判各自运行机制的对立性，过分强调媒体监督对司法公正和司法权威的损害性，决定了对新闻媒体监督司法审判必须进行合理的限制。

The Fourth part concludes the article with the inspirations based on the game analysis, which are changing corruption preferrence with honest and clean education; affecting payoff functions with improved supervision; circumscribing officers behavior with creative system; increasing bribery cost with changed laws; rebuilding linearity construction with triangle balance. The main points of the articles are as follows: 1. In methodology, there should be two paths for study of justice corruption----the therectical and demonstrative ways. 2. Confrontation of interests is the inner drive of interation between the players of justice corruption game. This drive pushes the orderly changes of justice corruption.

本文的基本观点包括：(1)在方法上，对司法腐败的研究应从思辩和实证两个角度著手，不应只强调思辩的作用；(2)利益的对抗性是司法腐败博弈的参与方互相发生作用的内在动力，这种动力推动了司法腐败的规律性变化；(3)任何司法官员都应首先被看成是一个社会中的&经济人&，有著自己的利益考量，而非物化的纯粹客体；(4)在司法腐败博弈中，案件性质、标的大小、&利益&种类、司法官员个人背景、行贿成本、受贿成本等因素都应受到足够的重视。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。