司法

In order to fulfill the judiciary purpose of settling disputes and retaining social stability, judiciary justice should be authoritatively established.

司法公正是司法工作的最高理念，但绝非司法职能的最终目的。司法职能的终极目标是指国家确立司法制度的初衷或意图。

Prof. Zhang Weiren from Tai-wan, holds that the proposition of"Khadi justice"raised by Webber has no basis, and the Chinese traditional justice does not fall into the category of "Khadi justice".

有人认为中国传统司法是"卡迪司法"，台湾的张伟仁教授认为韦伯关于"卡迪司法"的命题并无确据，中国传统司法不属于"卡迪司法"的类型。

The modern judicial ideas in China should include as follow: society and right orientation in judicature, the neutralism and independence in judicial position, the procedurism and economical efficiency in judicial process and the acceptability and authority of judicatory results.

我国司法理念的构建必须理清普遍性与特殊性的关系，具体包括：司法定位的社会性和权利性，司法立场的中立性和独立性，司法过程的程序性和经济性，司法结果的公正性和权威性。

Article 30 For a reauthentication, a judicial authentication institution on the list of judicial authentication institutions other than the original authentication institution shall be commissioned, or, as a client agrees, the original judicial authentication institution may be commissioned, which shall designate a qualified judicial authenticator other than the original judicial authenticator to conduct the reauthentication.

第三十条重新鉴定，应当委托原鉴定机构以外的列入司法鉴定机构名册的其他司法鉴定机构进行；委托人同意的，也可以委托原司法鉴定机构，由其指定原司法鉴定人以外的其他符合条件的司法鉴定人进行。

Where a judicial authenticator proposes to recuse himself or herself, the judicial authentication institution employing him or her shall decide it, where a client requests the recusal of a judicial authenticator, the client shall propose it to the judicial authentication institution employing the authenticator, and the judicial authentication institution shall decide it.

司法鉴定人自行提出回避的，由其所属的司法鉴定机构决定；委托人要求司法鉴定人回避的，应当向该鉴定人所属的司法鉴定机构提出，由司法鉴定机构决定。

This dissertation takes some basic content as its object, such as the basic idea and goal of judicature reform, the schematism of judicature reform and the public participation of judicature reform. At the same time, this dissertation analyzes the existing problems in China's judicature reform and puts forward some reformational measures to solve the problems.

论文以司法改革的一些基本内容，如司法改革的基本理念与目标、司法改革的系统领导、司法改革的民众参与等为研究对象，综合运用思辨，比较等研究方法，分析了我国司法改革存在的问题，并有针对性地提出一些改革措施。

The text is on one hand, adopt the method of comparative study and the method of historical study to analyze the evolution of history and present condition of judicial interpretation in China and the west two major law system. On the other hand, adopt the analytic method to analyze the present condition of judicial interpretation in China. Proceeding the research for the hot and controversial questions of judicial interpretation from the academic angle to deepen the understanding in judicial interpretation. At last, the author puts forward to the imaginings of perfecting the Chinese judicial interpretation.

本文一方面，采取比较研究的方法和历史研究的方法对中国与西方两大法系司法解释的历史发展及现状进行分析；另一方面，采用归纳分析的方法对当代中国司法解释的现状深入剖析；并从理论的角度对司法解释的几个热点争议问题进行研究，以加深对司法解释的了解，从而提出完善中国司法解释的法治设想。

It had been abolished in the end of Qing Dynasty with the influence of the western legal conception . Though the development of inquisition by torture , we can find three complications that make it overrun in the archaic law : Our traditional legal concept , the law principle of "guilty presumption" and the distemperedness of supervise system .

通过对刑讯制度三千年来发展轨迹的研究，我们认为导致古代司法活动中刑讯泛滥的主要原因有以下三个方面：一是传统司法理念忽视诉讼当事人的合法权利；二是古代司法活动遵循的是&有罪推定&的原则和&罪从供定&的证据规则；三是司法权力过于集中、司法监督力度的薄弱。

The fair judicatory need to be proceeded to the judicatory inspection, to inspect judicatory should follow the judicial regulation and inspect regulation, must insist the principle of science, manage many agreeable heavy relations, set up a new judicial inspective system of our country.

公正司法需要对司法进行有效监督，监督司法应该遵循司法规律和监督规律，必须坚持科学的原则，理顺多重关系，重新构建我国的监督司法体制。

In the judicial sphere, the principle of rule of law decides the priority of formal rationality, that is, in the judicial process, when the substantive rationality of the case decision and the formal rationality of the law itself can both be achieved, the judicator should equally fulfill them; but when the substantive rationality and ormal rationality contradicts and excludes each ...

法治原则在司法领域必然意味着形式合理性的优先，即，在司法过程中，当个案处理结果的实质合理性与法律本身的形式合理性可以两全时，司法者应当而且必须兼顾这两种价值，在司法裁判中同时实现个案中的实质合理性与法律的形式合理性；然而，当实质合理性与形式合理性发生不可两全的矛盾而不得不有所牺牲时，司法裁判则应当以优先实现形式合理性为原则，以牺牲形式合理性为例外。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。