叶绿素的

This paper has studied the physiological and biochemical changes during the period of forming strong buds of tree peony, and expect to provide academic basis for extending its view value and economic benefit . The main results are as the following:1 Under the field condition, Characteristics of photosynthesis of tree peony are very regular. From before blooming to the prophase of abducting buds that after blooming ,that is April,May and June,the net photosynthetic rate of tree peony is higher than the other period .It indicates that this period is very important for accumulating photosynthetic products of tree peony . So, if we want to get quality flower of tree peony ,it is very important to strengthen the management of tree peony cultivation and to ensure provide the fertilizer and water.2 From the middle ten days of June, with the time elapsing and with the environment conditions worsening, the characteristics of photosynthesis of tree peony decline deeply. But it is different among different tree peony breeds. For example , cv. Wu Long Peng Sheng can also has higher net photosynthetic rate, it indicates that cv. Wu Long Peng Sheng is super than the other two tree peony breeds when adapting the environment conditions and cv. Wu Long Peng Sheng has wide prospect to extend .3 The main factors of effecting the characteristics of photosynthesis are stomatal factor and non-stomatal factor ,that is the ability of photosynthesis of leaf cells. Under the environment of high light intensity in midsummer, if overshadow tree peony properly, then it can slow the declining of chlorophyll content, and increase the net photosynthetic rate and benefit for the accumulating of photosynthetic products.4 The content of soluble sugar in the root of tree peony is the highest among different organs during the period of forming strong buds . According to analyse ,we believe that the soluble sugar will compose starch then, and provide the solid base of material for the growth and development next year. It provide us strong academic basis of adopting the method of cultivating root and protecting root under thefield environment conditions .In other words ,it will help to increase the health level of the whole plant of tree peony and will be beneficial to forming quality tree peony flower if we strengthen the management of root. 5 To tree peony, the endogenesis hormone is important for its growth and development .In the prophase ,that is about the blooming of tree peony and the mid-summer ,IAA and ZR contents are higher and GA content is lower and its changes are very little, and the content of ABA is decreasing . This indicates that IAA and ZR act the important promote function for growth and development of tree peony in this period, and the function of GA is not important. Bur in the period of anniversary senescence of tree peony , the content of IAA and ZR begin to decrease ,while the ABA content has a certain rebound .T

本研究对几个牡丹品种壮芽形成过程中的某些生理生化变化做了研究，以期了解牡丹生长发育过程中生理生化的变化规律，探讨大田栽培条件下提高牡丹花质量的栽培措施和管理技术，为提高牡丹的观赏价值和经济效益提供理论依据，结果如下：1 大田栽培条件下，牡丹光合特性在生长发育过程中表现出极强的规律性，牡丹各品种的光合速率从牡丹开花前，到牡丹花谢后的花芽诱导期前期（6月10日之前），也就是在4、5、6月份，各牡丹品种的净光合速率相对与其他时间都维持在比较高的水平，这说明，在这段时间，是牡丹光合产物积累的重要时期，因此，要保证得到高质量的牡丹花，在这段时间加强对牡丹的栽培管理，保证这个时期的肥水供应十分重要。2 从6月中旬后，随时间的推移，环境条件的恶化，牡丹的光合性能剧烈下降，但是不同牡丹品种间仍有差异，比如，乌龙捧盛仍可维持较高的光合水平，这说明了乌龙捧盛这个牡丹品种对于环境的适应性较之其他牡丹品种高，有着广泛的推广前景。3 影响牡丹光合性能的主要因子是气孔因素和非气孔因素即叶肉细胞的光合能力，在盛夏高温高光强的环境条件下，对牡丹进行适当遮荫，能缓解牡丹叶绿素水平的下降，适当提高Pn，有利于光合产物的积累。4 可溶性糖在牡丹各品种的壮芽形成过程中，根中可溶性糖的含量在牡丹各部位中始终维持最高水平，分析认为这些可溶性糖在根系中进一步合成淀粉等储藏性物质，为来年牡丹的生长提供雄厚的物质基础，这为我们在大田栽培条件下对牡丹采取养根护根的栽培措施提供了有力的理论依据，即在大田栽培条件下，加强对牡丹根系的管理，有助于提高牡丹整株的健壮程度，有益于形成高质量的牡丹花。5内源激素对牡丹的生长发育调节作用是十分明显的，在前期，即开花前后和盛夏，IAA和ZR含量维持在比较高的水平，GA含量低且变化不明显，ABA含量逐渐降低，说明了IAA和ZR对牡丹在这段时间内的生长发育起到重要的促进作用，GA的作用不是很明显，ABA可能在高温高光强下有明显的升高，也说明了ABA的确有一些促进作用，但是到了牡丹周年衰老期，IAA和ZR的含量开始下降，ABA含量却有了一定程度的反弹，说明了IAA和ZR的作用开始降低，ABA起到了促进衰老的作用

Seven grapevine cultivars originated from different regions, i. e.'Carbernet Sauvignon' and'Queen of Vineyard'(two members of the Western Europe Cultivars Group),'Rizamat'(a member of the East Cultivars Group),'Red Double Taste'(a hybridized cultivar from Vitis vinifera L. and V. labrusca L.),'1103Paulsen','Red Globe'and 'Autumn Royal'(two new hybridized cultivars between cultivars groups which were warmly planted in recent years) were selected. After different drought stress, a combined measurement of gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence was conducted to evaluate the effects of drought stress to photoinhibition, as well as the role of photorespiration and xanthophyll cycle in photoprotective mechanism. After photorespiration and xanthophyll cycle were separately inhibited, the complementary effect of these two photoprotective pathways was discussed. Detached leaves of different grapevine cultivars, i. e.'Cabernet Sauvignon','Cabernet Franc','Merlot', and a rootstock,'1103Paulsen'were selected as materials, and photoinhibition degree, photorespiration activity as well as its photoprotective function under drought stress were studied. The results are as follows: 1. Under the same drought stress treatment, different photoinhibition degrees formed in different grapevine cultivars.

本研究选择不同起源地的葡萄品种－－包括西欧品种群的赤霞珠和葡萄园皇后、东方品种群的里扎马特、欧美杂种红双味、美洲种砧木1103Paulsen，以及近年来发展较快的品种群间杂交新品种红地球和皇家秋天等七个品种盆栽苗，在进行不同程度的干旱胁迫处理后，利用气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数同步测定的方法，研究干旱对其光抑制程度的影响，以及光呼吸和叶黄素循环组分在其光保护中的作用；并在分别抑制光呼吸和叶黄素循环的基础上，探讨了赤霞珠葡萄两种光保护机制的互补效应；同时选择不同的酿酒葡萄品种赤霞珠、品丽珠、梅鹿辄和砧木1103Paulsen的叶片，研究其离体干旱条件下光抑制程度、光呼吸活性及其光保护作用，结果发现： 1。

The research results indicate that LED integrated photopanel as interior illuminant, which emit monochromic light such as red light(660～680nm)and blue light(430～450nm), not only cover with spectrums absorbed by the plant or algae for photosynthesis, enhance the light energy absorbed by chlorophyll a and the growth of Spirulina platensis, increase greatly microalgal biomass and the its content of photosynthetic pigments; but also decrease enormously the absorption spectrums not need for photosynthesis, save energy at more than 38.75%.

从LED集成光电板的光电特性、光热效应、光衰减性、光辐射特征与植物和藻类光吸收特征的相匹配性及LED辐射单色光对螺旋藻的光合色素含量的影响等几方面，分析研究了LED集成光电板作为光生物反应器内部光源的特性及可行性，研究结果表明，LED集成光电板作为光生物反应器的内部光源，它所发射的单色光谱红光660～680nm、蓝光(430～450nm，不仅能覆盖植物和藻类光合作用所需要吸收的光谱能带，促进叶绿素a对光能的吸收和螺旋藻的生长，增强光合作用，使细胞生物量与光合色素含量显著提高；而且不被吸收的光谱减少，节能达38.75％，无疑它将是光生物反应器潜在最有效的光源。

It was different of contents of same mineral element inthe leaves of Malania olefera because of different areas, but the differences was notnotable. The influence of mineral element and soil elements on Malania olefera wasnitrogen, iron, manganese, zinc, potassium, copper from most to least, and four ofthem were belong to microelement. However, the lack of copper and serious lack ofzinc and iron in the soil influent the growth of Malania olefera. It had been made through the analysis of morphologic and anatomicalcharacteristics of root, stem, leaf, flower, fluid and seed that Malania olefera notonly had the primitive character but also had the evolution character, which had thevital significance on Olacaceae classification.

砂粒含量比大，通透性良好的土壤适宜蒜头果的生长；六个不同分布区土壤的有机质和全N含量极为丰富，速效K的含量水平中等，而土壤速效P的含量富贫差异较大；分布区土壤部分缺Cu，严重缺Zn、Fe；蒜头果叶片中的叶绿素含量与立地条件有着密切的关系；龙虎山样地立地条件比其他样地更适合蒜头果生长；不同立地上生长的蒜头果叶片中同一矿质元素含量有一定的差异，但差异不显著；土壤元素对蒜头果生长的影响由大到小依次为：N、Fe、Mn、Zn、K、Cu，其中四个是微量元素，而分布区土壤缺乏Cu，严重缺Zn、Fe而影响了蒜头果的生长发育。

The main causes resulted in the yield and quality difference among treatments were that it was beneficial to decomposing and releasing nutrients in compost when mixed EM and it was raised significantly for the rapid availability of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in soil applied EM biological-organic fertilizer, which increased the Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium nutrient content in stem, leaf blade and ear and improved the organism function, and then the chlorophyll content and rate of photosynthesis of crop functional leaf blade were raised, the strengthened photosynthesis increased the plant dry matter content, thereby laid a foundation for seed-filling.

分析产量提高和品质改善的原因，得到以下结论：EM的加入促进了有机肥养分的分解和释放，EM生物有机肥土壤的有效氮、磷、钾含量显著提高，充足的肥料供给使植株的N、P、K含量增加，机体的功能得到改善，作物功能叶片的叶绿素含量和光合速率提高。光合作用的增强促使植株干物质积累量增加，从而为灌浆和籽粒饱满打下坚实的基础。

Comparative study on two levels of population and modules of mutualspecies in the two stations demonstrates that feature index tend to diminish suchas height,tussock amplitude,size,number,density and dry weight;and thegrowth analysis index incline to increase such as RGR、ULA、chlorophyllcontent and effectiveness of plant multi-leaves of the populations and DULA、DUMR、DAGA and DRGRa of the modules;and the dynamic curves of thepopulations and the modules also tend to steadily increase along with thetemperature ascending,heat accumulation and combination between water andheat in moderate-temperature steppe from fierce fluctuation alongside naturalprecipitation in warm-temperature steppe,illustrating that the transformabletendency from increasing the numbers of tussocks and tillers in order to expandthe resource range to seize in warm-temperature steppe to steadily improve drymatter production function of the populations and the modules in moderate-temperature steppe.

两个不同热量型研究站点共有种种群与构件两个水平的比较研究表明：随纬度增加和气温降低，种群与构件高度、丛幅、大小、数量、密度和干重等特征指标趋于降低和减少，而种群RGR、ULA、叶绿素含量和植物多叶性与构件DULA、DUMR、DRGR和DRGRa等生长指标则趋于增加，种群与构件的生长动态曲线也从随天然降水而剧烈波动趋向于随气温升高、热量积累和水热配置状况而稳定增长，说明各共有种从暖温型草原区增加植物种群与构件的大小和数量以扩充资源利用范围向中温型草原稳定地提高种群与构件的干物质生产性能的方面转变的趋势；同时，物质与能量的分配也从较多地投资于繁殖器官产生大量后代以适应未来降水的不可预期变化趋向于同化系统的构建和干物质生产效能的提高以抵御低温和干旱对物种生存的威胁，充分显示出不同温度条件及其水热组合对植物种群形态结构和生长繁育模式的显著影响及其响应特征。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新