叶绿素

The difference in yield, its components, basic characteristics such as mean size and bare tip length of cobs, plant height, base internode diameter, secondary root number per plant, LAI and DMW at the same measuring date, between the three treatments were insignificant respectively; the optimized fertilization made the three leaves around corn cob rather smaller, the cob leaf slightly thinner, a decrease of the cob leaf chlorophyll content at greater rate at the later stage, and dry matter accumulation amount slightly reduced from flowering to grain filling.

在优化施肥、秸秆还田优化施肥及传统施肥条件下，夏玉米穗长、穗粗、秃顶长、株高、基部伸长节间粗度、单株各层次生根条数、同一时期的叶面积指数和干物质积累量无显著性差异。在优化施肥条件下，夏玉米棒三叶总叶面积略微减少，穗位叶叶片略微变薄，生育后期穗位叶叶绿素含量下降稍快，吐丝-收获的干物质积累量略有下降。

Treatments were as follows: fertilization during leaf-expansion period, fertilization during green-leaf period, and no fertilizer. Results showed that individual leaf area, thousand-leaf weight, and leaf distribution were relatively stable with little influence from fertilization. Fertilization during leaf-expansion compared to the green leaf period significantly increased leaf number, leaf weight per plant, and leaf area index. Fertilization during led-expansion also significantly increased the total weight of leaves corresponding to each branch. The 14th to the 17th branches had the largest number of leaves in the canopy with fertilization increasing the weight of each branch but not changing the center of the canopy.

结果表明：毛竹单叶面积、千叶质量和叶片分布受施肥的影响较小，是较为稳定的指标；展叶期施肥处理（处理1）能显著增加单株立竹的叶片数量，到7月底，其单株立竹叶片总质量和叶面积指数分别比绿叶期施肥（处理2）提高14.8%和13.7%，比不施肥提高27.6%和24.5%；冠层14~17档是单枝叶片数量最多的区域，施肥能增加各枝盘叶片的质量，但对林冠重心的分布无影响；单叶叶面积稳定后（6月），处理1的叶绿素测定值和光合速率显著高于处理2和对照，而处理2与对照间无显著差异。

Sand culture was adopted to study the effects of seawater at different concentrations on the photosynthesis and chlorophyll-fluorescence properties of oil sunflower seedling.

采用砂培法，研究了不同浓度海水对油葵幼苗光合作用和叶绿素荧光特性的影响。

ResultThe results showed tat the sweet sorghum growth obviously surpassed the grain sorghum. The sugar content accumulation beginning and the total content were higher than the grain sorghum, but the sweet sorghum and the grain sorghum sugar accumulation general trend was consistent. Sweet sorghum biology yield was superiority, but grain sorghum ear of characteristic was superiority. In the physiological character, the chlorophyll content grain sorghum surpassed the sweet sorghum, but sweet sorghum was higher in the breath speed.

结果结果表明，甜高粱生长优势显著优于粒用高粱，主要表现在与生物产量有关的性状；糖含量的积累起点及总含量均高于粒用高粱，而甜高粱和粒用高粱糖积累总趋势是一致的；甜高粱生物产量优势强，而粒用高粱穗部性状优势强；生理性状中叶绿素含量粒用高粱优于甜高粱，而呼吸速率甜高粱偏高。

Determination of photosynthetic pigments used 80% of acetone extraction method directly and the photosynthetic characteristics of using Li-6400 portable photosynthesis detector. Results showed that Returning the right amount maize straw stem into field was able to significantly restraint this year winter wheat flag leaf Chla degradation, to raise the flag leaf Chla/Chlb in the watery metaphase and late stage, to effectively restraint the photosynthesis rate decrease in the watery stage, to increase the pertinence of photosynthesis rate and pigment compared to others. However returning more maize straw stem into field was able to accelerate the retrogradation of chlorophyll and photosynthesis rate decrease then the yield declined.

结果表明：适量的玉米秸秆还田(9 000 kg/hm^2)可显著抑制接茬冬小麦灌浆中后期旗叶Chla降解，提高小麦灌浆中后期旗叶Chla/Chlb的比值，有效抑制灌浆期旗叶光合速率的下降，与其他处理相比，其光合速率与叶绿素的相关性得到加强；过量的秸秆还田(15 000 kg/hm^2)，加速了光合色素的降解，使得光合速率下降，产量降低；在各处理中，处理Ⅱ(9 000 kg/hm^2)产量最高。

4 Mechanisms of the effects on yield and quality With the application of nitrogen, the chlorophyll content, NRase activity, photosynthesis rate, fluorescence parameters in the ear leaves of spring-sown maize and summer-sown maize were affected dramatically, which could affect the yield and quality of maize.

3.4 不同施氮水平产量和品质差异的生理学基础春夏玉米套作时，施氮处理显著影响春、夏玉米穗位叶叶绿素含量、硝酸还原酶活性、光合速率、荧光参数等，从而影响产量和品质。

Exist manifold types breeding materials in test field, manifest abundant germplasm resource, obviously existent prematurity type and late-maturity type . It is very difference of phenological phase, plant height, laminae area, chlorophyl content, stern diameter, seed production ,colour and shape of inflorescence and spike, yield of grass et al.

试验地引种驯化的猫尾草中存在着多种类型的育种材料，表现出丰富的种质资源，明显的存在着早熟、晚熟两种类型，这2种类型的材料在物候期、株高、叶面积、叶绿素的含量、茎杆直径、结籽性，花序及穗的颜色与形状，产草量等方面存在很大的差别。

The results showed that compared with flat planting,the leaf area, flag leaf function duration, chlorophyll content and the activities of protection enzymes of SOD, POD and CAT in leaves in straw mulching were significantly higher, its malondialdehyde content and over oxidation degree of membrane lipids was lower, the speed of flag leaf aging was slower and the metabolizability was vigorous, which are beneficial to the grain-filling and accumulation of photosynthesis products.

结果表明，覆草栽培叶面积、旗叶功能期、叶绿素含量、叶片保护酶活性(SOD、POD、CAT)显著高于常规栽培，膜脂过氧化程度较低，叶片衰老速度缓慢，代谢强度旺盛，有利于籽粒灌浆和光合产物的积累。

The treatments of NPK and NPK+BCF were better than those of N, NP, NK on the plant height, stem, leaves area, chlorophyll, bearing fruit stick, extent of unfolding, the time of blooming and bearing fruit, and plant soma changes of harvest time. The ratio of basal manure to after manuring and the different ratio of after manuring showed mutual effects: The excessive nutrient had unfavorable influences on plant growth and development in former time.

NPK+BCF及NPK的配方在株高、茎粗、叶面积、叶绿素含量、结果枝、展开度、开花期和挂果期、收获期植株营养体变化等指标上都优于NP、NK及只施N肥的配方；不同基追肥比例及不同追肥比例表现出共同的效果：前期施入过多的养分不利于茄子植株的生长发育。

After seedling trees of Yunhe Snow Pear were polluted by Pb(superscript 2+), Cd(superscript 2+), synthesis of chlorophyll was restrained, toxic effect of Pb(superscript 2+), Cd(superscript 2+) on seedling trees was intensified, membrane lipid peroxidation damage was increased. And the protective enzymes system start-up of polluted seedling trees enhanced antioxidative enzymes activities of seedling trees.

结论］Pb(上标 2+)、Cd(上标 2+)污染云和雪梨苗，抑制叶绿素的合成，增强超养阴离子自由基O2(上标-对植株的毒害性，使膜脂过氧化损伤程度高，受重金属污染植株启动保护酶系统，以增强植株的抗氧化性。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。