叶绿体

Identification of Alpinia officinarum Hance and its adulterant base on matK gene sequence［J］.

徐凤霞。木兰族和含笑族和系统学关系——基于叶绿体matK基因序列分析［J］。

The colorless ground matter between the grana lamellae in a CHLOROPLAST.

基质：是叶绿体内的叶绿体基粒片层结构之间的无色透明物质。

The cells of the bundle sheath that surround the vascular tissues are large and contain specialized elongated chloroplasts that do not contain grana, but form starch grains.

它的特点为：围绕在维管组织外层的维管束薄壁细胞较大，并含有较大的叶绿体，这些叶绿体中不含基粒，但形成淀粉粒。

Electro microscope analysis showed that NO promoted the chloroplast development, as indicated by increased number and size of chloroplast in both the mesophyll cell and bundle sheath cell of the leaves, and well-developed stroma lamellae and grana as well as increased numbers.

电镜观察结果证实，NO促进了玉米叶片叶肉细胞和维管束鞘细胞中叶绿体的发育，叶绿体数量增多且体积增大，基质片层和基粒数量明显增多且结构完好。

Sequence homologies suggest that both mitochondria and chloroplasts have evolved separately from lineages that are common with eubacteria, with mitochondria sharing an origin with a-purple bacteria, and chloroplasts sharing an origin with cyanobacteria.

序列同源建议，线粒体和叶绿体分开地演变了与是共同与eubacteria，用线粒体分享起源与紫色细菌，和叶绿体分享起源与cyanobacteria 的后裔。

The combined analysis with cpSSR and chloroplast non-coding gene sequences found that there were several disperse glacial refugia within species of Dipteronia,the main glacial refugia for species D.dyerana was its recent distribution southeastern-yunnan province,and with abroad distribution,the main glacial refugia of D.sinensis were Qinling mountains,Daba mountains,Funiu mountains, Wuling mountains and Shennongjia mountains.

叶绿体DNA单倍型分析表明金钱槭属内金钱槭和云南金钱槭种间无共享单倍型，叶绿体SSR标记和基因序列分析表明：金钱槭属植物存在多个分散的冰期避难所，其中云南金钱槭主要避难于其现今分布的云南省东南部地区，而金钱槭由于其分布区比较广泛，主要的避难所有秦岭山脉、大巴山山脉、伏牛山山脉、武陵山脉、神农架山脉等。

It is concluded that mutated leaves of stinging nettle underwent a gradual chloroplast loss during development, but the remaining organelles preserved much of their photosynthetic competence.

本文结论：所观察之变种叶在发育过程，逐渐丧失叶绿体，但是残存之叶绿体保存它们大多数之光合作用能力。

There are abundant mitochondrion, they often locate near and enclosure chloroplast in alpine plants.

在所研究的4种高山植物中，线粒体的数量均较多，线粒体在细胞中的分布表现出不均一，且常分布在叶绿体附近，二者靠的很紧，常常可以观察到5~6个线粒体将叶绿体包围起来的现象。

It is circular form, rather like that of prokaryotes.

叶绿体 DNA：在叶绿体中发现的 DNA 。

These results suggested that in chloroplast ATP synthase, both the N-terminus and C-terminus of the ε subunit show importance in regulation of the ATPase activity. Furthermore, the N-terminus of the ε subunit is more important for its interaction with γ and some CF〓 subunits, and crucial for the blocking of proton leakage. Compared with the ε subunit from E. coli, the chloroplast ε subunit is more sensible to N-terminal or Cterminal truncations.

从这些实验结果中可以看出：（1）叶绿体ATP合酶ε-亚基的N端和C端对于其功能的发挥都很重要；（2）ε亚基N端和C端氨基酸在抑制ATP水解和堵塞质子泄漏两个功能上起着不同的作用；（3）与细菌ATP合酶相比，叶绿体ATP合酶ε亚基N端和C端的缺失对其功能的影响更为显著。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。