叶绿体

WT, antisense-transgenic lines T2-8 and sense- transgenic lines T2-7 of tomato were used to measure the fatty acid composition of thylakoid membrane, photosynthetic and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, chloroplastic reactive oxygen species and activities of antioxidant enzymes under salt stress.

以野生型，转反义番茄叶绿体ω-3脂肪酸去饱和酶(LeFAD7)基因株系T2-8和转正义LeFAD7基因株系T2-7为试材，测定了类囊体膜脂脂肪酸组成，盐胁迫后的光合参数，叶绿素荧光参数和叶绿体活性氧清除酶活性。

Results showed that the peanut seeds soaked with the suitable rare earth concentration, not only increased chlorophyll content and photosynthetic intensity, but also chlorophyll in leaf cell enhanced. The chloroplastid texture intact, and the amounts of basal granule lamella increased with tight arrangement, and improved the absorption and transformation of light and energy.

结果表明，适宜浓度稀土浸种花生不仅提高了叶绿素含量和光合强度，而且还促进了叶细胞叶绿体的生长发育，使叶绿体结构完整、排列整齐，基粒片层数增多，紧密度高，从而有利于光能的吸收和转化，提高荚果产量。

In the rice leaves infected by RDV Yunnan isolate, the distribution of cells full of virus particles formed a belt which was a center of infection and multiplication of virus, around the cells fall of virus particles were some cells with the different extent of lesion as follows: disappearance of membrane system of chloroplasts, there were virus particles in some chloroplasts, and some sine or assembled virions in the mitochodria or cytoplasma but not in nuclei ,and intact subcellular structure in the cell far away from the infected center; In the rice leaves cell infected by Zhejiang isolate, some cells were full of virions, but the distribution of cells didn't form the belt, other cytopathological characters were similar to the cells infected by Yunnan isolate.

RDV云南分离株浸染的水稻叶片中，充满病毒粒体的细胞呈条带状分布，呈现出明显的侵染和增殖中心，在充满病毒粒体的细胞周围，相邻细胞有不同程度的病变，叶绿体膜系统消失，部分叶绿体中含有病毒颖粒，线粒体残体及细胞质中有分散或聚集的病毒粒体，细胞核中未见病毒粒体，离侵染中心较远的细胞中亚细胞结构较完整；RDV浙江分离株侵染的水稻叶片中，部分细胞充满病毒粒体，无明显的条带状分布，其他细胞病理特征与RDV云南分离株侵染的水稻叶片相似。

The results indicated that contrary to treatment with 5 ℃ in dark,illumination with 100 μmol photons·m -2 ·s -1 at 5℃ of leaves or isolated cloroplasts of cucumber and spinach caused dramatical decrease in slow phase intensity of millisec...

结果显示，与 5℃黑暗处理相比，5℃下弱光(1 0 0 μmol photons·m-2· s-1 )分别照射黄瓜和菠菜的叶片和离体叶绿体悬浮液，都使叶绿体毫秒延迟发光慢相强度以及类囊体耦联度显著降低。

PCR and Southern blot analysis confirmed stable integration of the foreign genes into the chloroplast genomes of T_0 and T_1 transgenic plants, and homoplasmy of T_1 transgenic plants.

只转化phaC2基因的叶绿体型转基因烟草基本检测不到有mel-PHAs合成，共表达phaC和phaG基因的叶绿体型转基因烟草则能合成相对较高水平的mcl-PHAs。

The chloroplast of the mesophyllous cells in the white part of the green-white leaf of PM3 were dissolving or had dissolved.

观察其叶片表面结构和叶肉细胞超微结构，结果表明：3个突变株系的叶片气孔密度增大，气孔面积减少，单位视野中气孔所占面积比则变化不大；叶肉细胞中叶绿体体积增大，形状变圆并移向细胞中央；PM3株系白绿相间叶片的白色部分，其叶肉细胞中叶绿体多数正在或已经消解，结构不完整。

Using count the leave.and flow cytometric to identifiy ploidy levels for the regenerated plants derived from antherculture in burley tobacco in this article,it shows that using count the chloroplast method could identify the ploidy levels simply and economic but it cannot identify the mixoploid accurately, so it easily lead to misidentify.

本文分别用气孔保卫细胞叶绿体计数和流式细胞仪两种方法来鉴定花药培养再生植株染色体的倍性，结果发现叶绿体计数法可以简单经济的检测烟草花药培养再生植株的染色体倍性，但它不能准确地鉴定出混倍体植株，易造成误判。

It was observed by means of electronic microscope that toxinresulted in the apparent change in ultrastructure of rapeseed leafincluding the damage of chloroplast membrane,dilated,disorderedgrana lamellae;the damage of mitochondria membrance andeventually vacuolated mitochondria;the contract of cell nuclein.

电镜观察发现：菌核菌产生的毒素引起油菜叶片超显微结构显著变化，主要包括叶绿体膜破坏，基质片层肿胀，排列紊乱，形成空腔，最终叶绿体解体；线粒体膜破坏，最后空泡化；细胞核质凝缩。

Iba 2002. Both the Arabidopsis fad5 mutant, which lacks an active chloroplast x-9 fatty acid desaturase and accumulates high levels of palmitic acid (16:0), and the fad6 mutant, which lacks an active x-6 fatty acid desaturase and accumulates high levels of palmitoleic acid (16:1) and oleic acid (18:1), have reduced levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the chloroplast galactolipids.

两个拟南芥突变体的叶绿体半乳糖脂含有较少的多不饱和脂肪酸：一种是拟南芥fad5突变体，它缺乏有活性的叶绿体的X-9脂肪酸去饱和酶，因而积累了高浓度的棕榈酸（ 16：0 ）；另一种是拟南芥fad6突变体，它缺乏一个有活性的 X - 6脂肪酸脱氢酶因而积累了高浓度的软脂酸（ 16：1 ）和油酸（ 18：1 ）。

If the person line plastochondria surrounds DNA to include 16569 basic groups to be right, Lamda bacteriophage DNA includes 48502 basic groups to be right, the paddy rice chloroplast genome team is right including 134525 basic groups, the tobacco chloroplast genome team contains 155844 basic groups to be coordinated.

如人线粒体环DNA含有16569个碱基对，λ噬菌体DNA含有48502个碱基对，水稻叶绿体基因组含134525个碱基对，烟草叶绿体基因组含155844个碱基对等。

For a big chunk of credit-card losses; the number of filings (and thus charge-off rates) would be rising again, whether

年美国个人破产法的一个改动使得破产登记急速下降，而后引起了信用卡大规模的亏损。

Eph. 4:23 And that you be renewed in the spirit of your mind

弗四23 而在你们心思的灵里得以更新