叶绿体

The cytochemical localization of POD showed that the peroxidase was found in cells ofboth cultivars after inoculation. The activity of POD in resistant cultivar was higher than that innot only the uninoculated controls but also the inoculated susceptible ones and localized morewidely, such as localized in mesophyll cell wall, intercellular spaces, membranes of chloroplastand mitochondrion and vacuolar membrane. Whereas the POD in susceptible cultivar waslocalized mainly in cell walls but little in plasma membrane with a lower range and intensitythan that in resistant cultivar.

对过氧化物酶的细胞定位研究发现，无论抗病杨树还是感病杨树，接种后均发现细胞中有过氧化物酶反应产物，通过分析发现，毛白杨过氧化物酶的活性不仅明显高于未接种的对照，也明显高于接种处理后的北京杨，并且定位更广泛，在细胞壁、细胞间隙、叶绿体膜、线粒体膜及液泡膜上均有大量定位，而北京杨酶反应产物主要分布于细胞壁上，在细胞膜、核膜局部有少量定位，定位范围及强度均小于毛白杨。

It was possible that the direct transport of JA from unwounded tissue to wounded site could account for the increase of JA after leaf wounding.

用免疫荧光显微镜技术和免疫胶体金电镜技术证明JA在蚕豆叶片下表皮和气孔保卫细胞上是普遍存在的，它主要分布在保卫细胞的叶绿体、细胞核和细胞壁上；叶片的局部灼伤可提高JA在质外体和气孔保卫细胞中水平。

Chlorophyll A is shown glaucous, chlorophyll B is shown olive, because they are inside the chloroplast of different painting of flowers and plants in traditional Chinese style,content differs, so some lamina present bottle green, some appears virescent or grass green.

叶绿素A呈蓝绿色，叶绿素B呈黄绿色，由于它们在不同花卉的叶绿体内含量不同，所以有的叶片呈现深绿色，有的则呈现淡绿色或草绿色。

The β-CA of B.napus was located in chloroplast stroma and had the conservative motif Cys-X(subscript n-His-X2-Cys peculiar to β type carbonic anhydrases. In the secondary structure,α-helix, random coil,β-sheet, and β-turn were 39.88%, 39.27%, 16.31%, and 4.53%, respectively. The three-dimensional structure was constructed by homology modeling. The 3-D alignment of β-CA from B.napus and a monomer of β-CA octamer from pea showed that the 3-D structure of β-CA from B.napus could match well with the monomer. The alignment results Implied that β-CA from B.napus was a monomer of the β-CA octamer from B.napus.

预测结果显示，甘蓝型油菜β破酸酐酶是定位于叶绿体基质的蛋白质，具有β类碳酸酐酶所特有的保守性基序Cys-χ-His-χ2-Cys；SOPMA预测二级结构显示α螺旋(39.88%)、随机卷曲(39.27%)、β折叠(16.31%)和β转角(4.53%)；用同源建模法构建了三维结构图；通过VAST矢量比对工具将甘蓝型油菜β碳酸酐酶与模板进行三维结构比对，显示甘蓝型油菜β碳酸酐酶与碗豆β碳酸酐酶同型八聚体中的一个单体很好的匹配，推测甘蓝型油菜β碳酸酐酶全酶也是同型八聚体。

In addition to burglarizing the genes needed to make the green pigment chlorophyll, the slugs also steal tiny cell parts called chloroplasts, which they use to conduct photosynthesis.

除了从海藻身上窃取了能够制造绿色叶绿素的基因外，这种海参还偷了很小的叫做叶绿体的细胞。他们用这些细胞进行光合作用。

They encompass the following broad bands of biological roles:(1) basic structural units of cellular membranes and cytologically distinct subcellular bodies such as chloroplasts and mitochondria;(2) compartmentalizing units for metabolically active proteins localized in membranes;(3) a store of chemical energy and carbon skeletons; and (4) primary transport systems of nonpolar material through biological fluids.

这类物质无论在功能上还是结构上都有明显不同，它们具有以下广泛的生物学作用。1。细胞膜和细胞中亚细胞器，如叶绿体和线粒体的基本结构单元。2。定位于细胞膜上具有代谢活性蛋白质的划分单位。3。化学能和碳骨架的储藏物质。4。以生物流的形式使细胞内非极性物质得以运输。

Comparing with diploid, the growing rate of tetraploid plants was slow and leaves became bigger, thicker, dark green and crimpled. The stomata density of tetraploid plants was reduced, but the guard cell of stomata became bigger and the chloroplast number in guard cells was increased.

与二倍体相比，四倍体表现为：生长变缓；叶片增大、皱缩和变厚、叶形指数减小；叶片保卫细胞增大，气孔密度降低，叶绿体数目增加，叶色加深。

Lower contents of PSIIand LHC-II entrapping larger amount of excitation energy speculated that there must be a lot of free LHC-IIand LHC-I in stroma.

为此 ，以不同海拔地区珠芽蓼为材料，在以往研究的基础上，结合叶绿体超微结构的特征，探讨不同海拔地区植

The internal structure of chloroplasts includes stacks of membranes called grana, which are embedded ,in a matrix called the stroma.

叶绿体的内部结构包括称为极粒的堆叠的薄膜，极粒包埋在称为基质的细胞间质中。

Chloroplast size was bigger and grana stack was thicker in tetraploid than that in diploid.

四倍体的叶绿体的长度和宽度均显著高于二倍体，基粒片层加厚，结构致密有序。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。