叶状体

Leaves opposite; stipules often persistent, interpetiolar, lateral, free or connate; leaf blade 3-5(-7)-veined, margin dentate or incised-lobed; cystoliths often punctiform, sometimes short botuliform.

叶对生 托叶通常宿存，叶柄间，横向，离生或合生；叶片3-5(-7)脉，有叶边缘具牙齿或锐裂；钟乳体经常点状，有时短香肠状。

After 13 months culture, sporophytes began to form. Each gametophyte had several archegonia, and only one sporophyte was produced per gametophyte. The first sporophyte frond was simple and had pinnate venation.

抱子体在经13个月的培养后开始产生，每个配子体虽然有许多的藏卵器，但只产生一株孢子体，第一片孢子体的叶片为单叶羽状脉。

Toppling failure always occurs in anaclinal slopes of layered rock mass, such as thin-bedded sedimentary rocks, foliated metamorphic rocks and those of one single joint set.

倾倒破坏通常发生於层状岩体之逆向坡，如薄层沉积岩、叶理状变质岩及其它含有单组节理之岩石。

Leaves alternate, spiral, petiolate; stipules deciduous, intrapetiolar, completely connate, leathery, often large, apex entire; leaf blade leathery or papery, pinnately veined, rarely 3-5-veined, margin entire, undulate, or crenulate; cystoliths punctiform.

叶互生，螺旋形，具叶柄；落叶的托叶，叶柄内，完全合生，似皮革，经常大，先端全缘；叶片革质或纸质，成羽状脉，很少3-5脉，边缘全缘，波状，或具细圆齿；钟乳体点状。

Leaves alternate, petiolate; stipules deciduous, intrapetiolar, incompletely connate, apex 2-cleft; leaf blade papery, pinnately veined or 3-veined, margin often coarsely dentate or serrate, rarely entire; cystoliths punctiform or botuliform.

叶互生，具叶柄；托叶脱落，叶柄内，不完全合生，顶2半裂；纸质的叶片，成羽状脉或3脉的，边缘通常粗牙齿或有锯齿，很少全缘；钟乳体点状或者香肠状。

There were no statistically differences between the 8th~ 14thday, the 15th - 21th day post-BC and the control group. During the rt~24tkday post-BC , pycnosis degeneration or necrosis neurons of the locus cerebral cortex, dorsal hippocampus, dentate fornix were significantly increased, then decreased gradually, but recovered to normal by the 24thday after BC, and especially in parietal cortex and piriform cortex the necrosis neurons were significantly increased than temporal cortex , and there were no statistically difference berween the left and the right side. Pycnosis degeneration or necrosis neurons in the brainstem reticular formation were markedly increased in the 4thday after BC, and there were no statistically difference among the other groups and the control group.

与对照组相比，BC后在大脑皮质、背侧海马和齿状回部位，固缩变性和不完全坏死细胞数先显著增加(P＜0.05)，然后逐渐减少，至24d基本恢复正常；顶叶、梨状皮质比颞叶皮质变性坏死细胞多，差异有高度显著性(P＜0.01)；大脑左侧比右侧变性坏死细胞稍少但差异无显著性；在BC后4d，脑桥核、斜方体核平面的脑干网状结构中固缩变性和不完全坏死细胞数明显增多(P＜0.05)，其它组间无显著性差异。

Intermediate between these is the solenostele in which the leaf gaps are more widely spaced vertically so that only one is seen per cross section of the stem.

这两者的过渡体是管状中柱，由于叶隙在垂直方向上广泛分布，所以每个横截面上基本只能见到一个叶隙。

Cauline leaves petiolate or sessile and cuneate or auriculate, pinnately or palmately veined, entire, dentate, or crenate; ultimate veins ending or not with apiculate callosities.

具叶柄或者无柄和楔形的茎生叶或者耳形，成羽状或者掌状脉，整个，有齿，或具圆齿；末级的脉以具细尖的胼胝体结束不的或。

These were raised underinducing condition to test if any morphology and structure changes. Twenty two Arabidopsismutants had various changes in morphology and anatomical structures. Twenty mutants hadlow germination rate from 10% to 60%, of which 2 had survival rates at 0% and 50%. Fivemutants occurred structure changes in the hypocotyls or stem. One of these lines, namedarris-stem, showed some unique changes: slower growth rate in comparison with the wildtype from germination to florescence; serrated margin of leaf blades, spiral rosette; morebranch in the bottom part of the stem, shorter nodes, twisted stem and branch. There were oneor several arrises along the stem. Across sections of the arrises showed one or several compactcells lumps which were round, made up of several layers of cells, looked like vascular-bundle.

在诱导条件下，这些突变体表现出不同的形态和结构的变化，共有22个表型和结构发生变化。20个突变系发芽率或存活率较低，发芽率由10％—60％，其中2个突变系存活率分别为0％和50％。5个突变系在茎或下胚轴的结构上发生变化，其中一个突变系arris-stem发生如下表型变化：从真叶出现至开花结实的整个生长期，生长速度要明显比野生型拟南芥缓慢；叶缘有明显锯齿，莲座叶呈螺旋状排列；茎的基部有较多侧枝，侧枝间距明显缩短，茎有明显扭曲；突变体茎侧面有1至数条棱形突起，内部存在一至数个排列紧密的细胞团，由多层细胞呈环形排列，细胞壁明显加厚，内部存在管状分子，推测为维管组织。

When aborted rats were injected with 10 IU/g IFN-γin group D, compared with group A, expression of TNF-αinmmuopositive substance in the nucleus pre-opticus medialis, nucleus supra-opticus, nucleus pre-opticus mango celluaris, nucleus periventricularis hypothalami, nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami, nucleus arcuatus hypothalami were highly increased, conversely, the ones in the nucleus pre-opticus suprachiasmaticus, neurohypophsis, adenohypophysis, ovary were obviously decreased, the change in the uterus was not remarkable; Compared with group B, expression of TNF-αin the arcuatus hypothalami was obviously enhanced, while in the nucleus pre-opticus suprachiasmaticus, nucleus pre-opticus mango celluaris, nucleus periventricularis hypothalami, nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami, nucleus ventromedialis hypothalami, nucleus dorsomedialis hypothalami, neurohypophsis, pars intermedia, ovary, the results were on the contrary, the uterus had no significantly variation; Compared with group C, expression of TNF-αin the nucleus pre-opticus medialis, nucleus supra-opticus, nucleus paraventricularis hypothalami, nucleus arcuatus hypothalami, adenohypophysis and pars intermedia had an obviously risen trend, however, the variation in the nucleus pre-opticus suprachiasmaticus, nucleus periventricularis hypothalami, neurohypophsis, pars intermedia, follicle and corpus luteum was completely opposite, uterus had no obviously change.

外源腹腔注射10 IU/g IFN-γ后，同A组相比：D组TNF-α免疫阳性产物在下丘脑视前内侧核、视上核、视前大细胞核、室周核、室旁核、弓状核显著增高，在视交叉上核显著降低，在其它核团较A组无显著差异，在神经垂体、垂体前叶、卵巢中阳性产物表达均较A组显著降低，在子宫中的表达较A组变化不明显；同B组相比：D组TNF-α免疫阳性产物在弓状核显著增高，在视交叉上核、视前大细胞核、室周核、室旁核、腹内侧核、背内侧核、神经垂体、垂体中间部、卵巢各部阳性物质表达均显著降低，在子宫表达变化不显著；同C组相比：D组下丘脑视前内侧核、视上核、室旁核、弓状核、垂体前叶与中间部均显著增高，在视交叉上核、室周核、神经垂体、卵泡、黄体中均显著降低，子宫中表达变化不明显。

The concept of equivalent rotationally rigidity is offered and the formula of rotationally rigidity is obtained.

主要做了如下几个方面的工作：对伸臂位于顶部的单层框架—筒体模型进行分析，提出了等效转动约束的概念和转动约束刚度的表达式。

Male cats normally do not need aftercare with the exception of the night after the anesthetic.

男猫通常不需要善后除了晚上的麻醉。