叶状

Scapose perennials with caudices covered with petioles of previous years; trichomes almost exclusively simple, restricted to leaf margins and sepals abaxially; stems leafless or with 1-3 leafy bracts

为第二年的叶柄所覆盖的有茎基的Scapose的多年生植物；毛状体几乎专门简单，对背面叶缘和萼片限制；茎无叶的或具1-3叶状苞片 11 A。 alaschanica 贺兰山南芥

The type or structure of a placenta .

有叶的，叶状的具有叶子的或叶状结构的

Leaves simple, usually alternate, rarely opposite or verticillate, sometimes crowded at apices of branches; stipules usually small and caducous, sometimes larger, leaflike and persistent, rarely absent; petiole generally present, sometimes with apex 2-glandular and/or with additional glands along petiole length; leaf blade usually pinnate-veined, sometimes 3-5-veined from base or palmate-veined, with or without pellucid dots or lines, sometimes with a pair of glands at junction of blade and petiole, margin entire or toothed, teeth glandular or not. Inflorescences axillary, terminal, or cauliflorous, of various forms: racemose, spicate, cymose, corymbose, or paniculate, sometimes flowers fasciculate, or solitary; pedicels often articulate; bracts and bracteoles usually small to minute.

单叶，通常互生，很少对生或轮生，有时在枝端簇生；托叶通常小并且早落，有时大，叶状并且宿存，很少无；叶柄通常存在，有时先端有2个腺体，或沿着叶柄有腺体；叶片通常羽状脉，有时基部3-5出脉或掌状脉，有或无透明小圆点或线，花序腋生，顶生，或者茎生，或多种形式：总状，穗状，聚伞状，伞房状，或者圆锥状，有时花束状，或者单生；花梗通常有节；苞片和小苞片通常小到微小。

Young thalluscells of low development are easy to dedifferentiate and grow intoseedings directly,while mature thallus cells have to releasemonospores to form seedings through a stage of multicellular groupfor dedifferentiation.Old thallus,mainly of productive cells,releasecarporspores to form conchocelis at last.

幼嫩的叶状体细胞，由于其分化程度低，易于脱分化而直接长成细胞苗；成熟的叶状体细胞，要经过多细胞团这样一个脱分化的阶段，然后放散单孢子成苗；而老叶状体以生殖细胞为主，只能放散果孢子，最终长成丝状体。

The state of being in leaf .Having leaves or leaflike structures.

有叶的，叶状的具有叶子的或叶状结构的

Shaped like a leaf .Having leaves or leaflike structures.

有叶的，叶状的具有叶子的或叶状结构的

A cluster of leaves.Shaped like a leaf .Having leaves or leaflike structures.

有叶的，叶状的具有叶子的或叶状结构的

The typi ca1 symptom j s fold and b1 istering, even d istortj on, 1ops i ded j -- eaf, shorti ng p ant, there are motley with 1ight green and deep green, and some of the motey are ye1wt MM 1eave M tny: the i.1--1ed has arias mosai c, 1ops i ded, and the tissue of the i11--1eaf has deteriorated exceeding1y, with s1ender pteridophyte 1.eaves, i l1 p1ant is green--yeI 1ow, obvious1y shortened in joint, the who1e p1ant serious1y shortened and grows thickly.

南瓜病毒病的典型症状为皱缩有疱斑、甚至扭曲，病叶畸形，植株矮化；花叶叶片上出现淡绿色和深绿色相间的斑驳，有的斑驳明显黄化；蕨叶丛枝型：病叶不但严重花叶、畸形，而且叶肉组织极度退化，纤细呈蕨叫叶状，病株黄绿色，节间明显缩短，整个植株严重矮化丛枝状。

Results:(1) The conchosporangia of brown yellow mutant was smaller and mature time was 15 days later than the parents. Thallus grew slowly in early stage, but average daily growth rate reached (7.50±1.18) cm after blade length was over 60 cm.(2)The emerald conchocelis were easy to mature and had special developmental mode that the spherulocytes can directly develop into sporangial branchlets and conchosporangia without thick conchocelis stage. Emerald blades were low in RPE with just (6.4710±0.0184) mg/g dry mass. The thallus grew quickly, average daily growth rate reached (11.95±2.33) cm after blade length was over 60 cm.(3) The conchocelis filaments of breen mutant were thin and short. Thallus grew slowly and had low contents of three phycobiliprotenin and chlorophyl.

实验进行50d。结果：(1)褐黄色突变体藻蓝蛋白和别藻蓝蛋白含量低；孢子囊枝的细胞较小，且大量形成时间比亲本晚15d；幼苗培养初期日平均生长量仅为(1.22±0.28)cm，当叶片长到60cm左右时生长优势逐步凸显，日平均生长量可达(7.50±1.18)cm；(2)翠绿色丝状体容易成熟，发育方式特殊，营养藻丝不经过藻丝加粗阶段，直接由球形细胞发育成孢子囊枝和壳孢子囊；翠绿色叶状体藻红蛋白含量低，仅有(5.5130±1.0496)mg/g；叶状体生长快速，60cm长的藻体日平均生长量高达(11.95±2.33)cm；(3)褐绿色突变体藻蓝蛋白、别藻蓝蛋白和藻红蛋白这3种色素蛋白和叶绿素的含量均较低；藻丝细胞短且细，叶状体生长速度较慢。

Leaves linear to oblong-linear, broadly lanceolate, or oblong (scale-like leaves sometimes present at base of stem); inflorescence racemelike; bracts linear, leaflike.

叶线形到长圆状线形，宽披针形，或长圆形（鳞片状叶有时宿存在茎基部的；花序总状花序状；苞片线形，叶状。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。