叶片排列

F. bidentis leaf was of isobilateral type, and had thicker epidermis cell wall and cuticle, obvious cryptopores, and highly developed palisade tissue, with typical C4-plant Kranz anatomy. The collenchymas and vascular tissue in stem and the aerenchyma in root were well developed. Secretory structure was found in all vegetative organs. According to the analyses of soil physical and chemical properties and relevant ecological factors, F.

结果表明：黄顶菊叶片表皮具较厚的角质层、下陷气孔，叶片为等面叶、全栅型，叶肉细胞环绕维管束鞘细胞紧密排列，是典型C4植物的Kranz花环结构；茎中厚角组织和维管组织发达，根中还存在通气组织；根、茎、叶中均存在分泌结构。

The palisade tissue cells of common type were 2 layers, while those of spur-type and columnar type were 3 or 4 layers. The ratio of palisade tissue and spongy tissue of common type was less than 1, and that of spur type and columnar type was more than 1. Moreover, the number of palisade tissue cell layers and the ratio of P/S were increased with the dwarfing degrees.

普通型苹果的叶片栅栏组织细胞一般排列成2层，其栅栏组织与海绵组织的厚度比值小于l；而柱型和短枝型的栅栏组织细胞通常排列成3层或4层，其栅栏组织与海绵组织的比值大于1，而且，随着矮化程度的加强，栅栏组织细胞层数和栅/海比有增加趋势。

The research of cytology shows that there are dramatically morphological and structure changes in the leaf: the cells of mesophyll array loosely and parenchyma cells reduced, cambium becomes thinner and degree of xylem becomes more serious, the content of chlorophyll dropped; the changes of conducting tissue and stoma structure affect transport and allocation of water and nutrient, hinder leaf growth and disturb regular metabolism of leaf, at last lead to wilt, rot and become crisp papyraceous.

细胞学研究表明，病叶组织的叶肉细胞排列疏松，薄壁细胞层次减少，形成层变薄，木质化程度加深，叶绿体减少；在病叶中由于疏导组织和气孔的结构发生变化，影响养分和水分在植株体内的运输和分配，干扰叶片的正常代谢，抑制叶片的生长发育，最终导致叶片失水萎缩、干枯，变为焦脆的干纸状。

Turned to the right or spirally arranged to the right, as in the leaves on some stems.

右旋的 Dextrorse 向右转或向右螺旋排列，如叶片在一些基干上的排列方式。

Vernation The arrangement of leaves in relation to each other in the bud, or the arrangement of perianth segments in a flower bud.

幼叶卷叠式：由芽中各幼叶排列方式决定的成熟叶片的排列，或是花芽中花被的排列组合形式。

The cell arragement was dense in Ardisia japonica, and was loose in Belamcanda chinense. The cell interspace increased when the shading degree increasing.

紫金牛叶片表皮细胞的排列整齐而紧密，射干细胞间却空隙大，随遮光度增加，细胞变大，排列更疏松。

The leaf epidermis structures of 6 species of Rhododendron had been observed under LM and SEM. The results show that all share together common features as follows: the leaf blades are typical back-abdomen bifacial types, the upper epidermis are formed by two or three layer bigger cells which inside layer cell is bigger than outside one, and the upper epidermis are covered with thicker cuticle.

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观察了6种杜鹃属植物的叶片结构，结果表明，它们具有共同形态结构特征：典型的异面叶，上表皮由2~3层细胞组成，内大外小或内、外等大，有较厚的角质膜，无气孔器分布；下表皮均由1层细胞组成，排列紧密；栅栏组织由2层以上长柱形细胞组成，排列紧密；海绵组织细胞较短，排列较疏松，细胞间隙较大；均有表皮附属物。

The leaf in the Karst area was isolateral and had closely arranged mesophyllous cells.

在显微结构方面：岩溶区生长的扇叶铁线蕨的叶片具有旱生植物叶片特点，即叶片为等面叶，叶肉细胞排列较为紧密以及叶片维管组织发达等：而非岩溶区生长的扇叶铁线蕨的叶片为异面叶，特点为叶肉细胞排列相对疏松，维管组织不发达。

There was no apparent structure of vasicular bundle sheath in the leaves. Thick cuticle layer was found on both abaxial and adaxial surfaces.

荔枝叶片叶肉组织内细胞的排列，除了在5天叶龄的幼叶排列非常紧密之外，其余叶龄的叶肉组织都会发现有空隙的存在。

Compared with the young grape plants grown under natural light environment, the leave thickness of young grape plants grown under low light environment was thinner, its vessel tissue was underdevelopment, its palisade parenchyma packed less closely; its chloroplast was larger, the ratio of thylakoid and grana increased too.

弱光环境下生长的葡萄叶片变薄，输导组织减少，栅栏组织排列疏松，细胞间隙增大；叶绿体变大，基粒数目增加，基粒片层排列紧密，有利于光能的吸收和传递。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。