叶枕

The mechanism of sleeping movement of the arrowroot was studied and the morphological change in sleeping movement was analyzed.

［目的］研究睡眠运动的机理，分析睡眠运动中的叶枕的形态学变化。

The arrowroot-Queen grown in greenhouse being taken as experimental material, the cytological variation of the arrowroot pulvinus at the different movement situation was observed and analyzed with the method of paraffin section.

方法］以温室中女王竹芋为研究材料，用石蜡切片法对处于不同运动状态下竹芋的叶枕进行细胞形态学观察与分析。

Results The volume of phloem fiber cell of pulvinus was enlarged at sleeping situation but at awakening situation.

结果］睡眠状态下的叶枕部韧皮纤维细胞体积增大，而觉醒状态下的叶枕部韧皮纤维细胞体积缩小。

The leaf was opening after the cells of pulvinus absorbed the water and the leaf was in closure while the water was drainage from the leaf.

结论］叶枕部细胞吸水撑大后叶子就张开，叶枕细胞排水缩小后叶子就闭合。

Branchlets unarmed, often caducous, produced successively from basal pulvinus.

小枝无刺，经常早落，连续地从基部叶枕生出。

Leaves spirally arranged, spreading radially, or directed forward on upper side of branchlets and spreading on lower side, each inserted on a petiolelike pulvinus, linear, straight or curved, quadrangular, broadly rhombic, or flattened in cross section, stomatal lines adaxial or on each surface, vascular bundle 1, resin canals 2, sometimes small and discontinuous. Pollen cones solitary in leaf axils, rarely terminal, ellipsoid or cylindric; pollen 2-saccate.

螺旋状排列，平展的叶光线，或在小枝和平展在下部边的上面边上向前指导，每着生于一叶柄状叶枕，线形，直或弯曲，四棱，宽棱形，或扁平的在横断面上，在叶腋，很少顶生，椭圆形的或圆筒状里的雄球花单生；花粉2囊。

Begonia pulvinifera is similar to B. wangii T. T. Yü, differing in the lower surface of the leaf being pale green; petiole with a reddish brown swollen base; tepals obtuse; tepals of staminate flowers 4; tepals of carpellate flowers 3 and ovary with axile placentation throughout. Begonia pulvinifera also resembles B. cavaleriei Lév., but is distinguishable by the narrower leaf; pulvinate petiole; stipules triangular with apex acuminate or cuspidate; and ovate bracts with apex acute or acuminate.

相似种类有少瓣秋海棠与昌感秋海棠：但本新种叶背面浅绿色，叶柄基部红棕色、膨大，雄花花被片四枚，雌花花被片三枚，花被片先端圆钝，且子房通体具中轴胎座，有别於少瓣秋海棠；此外，新种之托叶三角形，先端渐尖或骤尖，叶身较窄，叶柄基部具叶枕，卵状苞片先端尖或渐尖，明显不同於昌感秋海棠。

We didn\'t find activated points in cerebellum and deeper brain.3.Acupuncture of sham point can significantly activated BA2,6,8,13,21,37,40,44,45,47,putamen and other areas.Both the left and right side of the brain have activated points,but points on the right side are more than those on the left.Both sides of middle temporal gyms,parietal lobule,supramarginal gyms and the lentiform nucleus have obvious activated points.The activated points mainly concentrated in the cerebral cortex,the deep-activated are mainly in the putamen.4. Sham needling in sham point can significantly activate BA6, 8,9,10,18,21,37,40,43,44.The activated points are mainly distributed in the right side of the brain.The left side also has some activated points;5.In the comparasion of Acupunture and sham-needling in S J5,we find that BA8 and cerebellum have distinct regional activated points;6.In the comparasion of acupuncture in SJ5 and sham point,we find BA2 and left cerebellar regions have activated points;7.Sham needling in S J5 compared with sham point,we find BA7,8,9,18 and other areas have activated points,the main activated points are at the left brain.It is not difficult to find that the distribution of activated points are mainly in the middle brain,no obvious activated points at the temporal lobe.

结果：通过对数据的处理和分析，我们初步发现：1、外关穴真针刺能显著激活Brodmann area45、37、44、40、22、13、37、47区、海马、杏仁核、黑质等区域，小脑左侧更明显，左侧颞叶皮层激活点多于右侧，且脑部左侧深层激活点多于右侧；2、外关穴假针刺能显著激活BA46、44、41、13、40、37、19区等区域，激活点主要集中表现在大脑皮层，以颞叶为主，小脑及深部未发现明显激活点；3、非穴真针刺组结果分析初步表明，BA2、6、8、13、21、37、40、44、45、47区以及壳核等区域有激活点，大脑左、右侧均有激活点，但右侧更多，双侧颞中回、顶叶下小叶、缘上回及豆状核有明显激活点，激活点主要集中在大脑皮层，深部激活点主要在壳核；4、非穴假针刺能显著激活BA6、8、9、10、18、21、37、40、43、44区等区域有激活点，主要分布在大脑的右侧，左侧也有不少激活点，就其具体分布主要在颞叶和额叶，少部分分布在顶叶和枕叶；5、外关穴真针刺与假针刺对比发现，BA8区和小脑等区域有明显的激活点；6、外关穴真针刺与非穴真针刺对比发现BA2区、左侧小脑等区域有激活点；7、外关穴假针刺与非穴假针刺对比发现，BA7、8、9、18等区有激活点，主要反应点在左侧大脑的枕叶中回、楔叶，顶叶楔前叶及额上回、中回，就其分布不难看出主要在大脑中部，颞叶未见明显激活点。

RESULTS: Compared with patients in the non-AD group, those in the AD group showed decreased cerebral glucose metabolism mainly in the temporal and frontal lobes and the limbic system in the right cerebral hemisphere and the inferior frontal gyrus and precentral gyrus in the left cerebral hemisphere, and increased cerebral glucose metabolism mainly in the temporal and occipital lobes in the right cerebral hemisphere and the parietal and occipital lobes and limbic system in the left cerebral hemisphere.

结果： 抑郁焦虑组与非抑郁焦虑组比较，脑葡萄糖代谢下降的脑区集中于右侧大脑半球，主要位于颞叶、额叶及边缘系统，左侧大脑半球较少，主要位于额下回和中央前回；脑葡萄糖代谢升高的脑区集中于右侧大脑半球的颞叶、枕叶和左侧大脑半球的顶叶，枕叶及边缘系统。

This new species is unique in having pulvinate petioles, a feature not known in any other species of Begonia in China.

本新种叶柄基部具叶枕，此特徵非常独特，未见於中国其他秋海棠属植物。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。