叶原基

Leaf buttress A leaf primordium, appearing as a protuberance on the side of the stem apex, produced by periclinal division of the tunica and corpus, and associated with a procambium.

叶原座：顶端分生组织上的侧生突起发育成叶的原基，与原形成层有关。

The result indicates that spore germination shapes prothallium at keeping wet, cortrolling temperature and covering with 75% shading rate.

结果表明：在保湿、控制温度、覆盖遮光率为75%的遮阳网的条件下孢子发芽率高，能正常形成原叶体，继续培养均能进入有性世代形成孢子体幼苗，其中在山林腐殖土和壤土按1：1的比例混合的基质上最适于孢子萌发和幼苗生长，出苗量可达3500株/m2；在杭州采集的紫萁孢子萌发后形成的原叶体、孢子体均比在湖北民族学院采集的耐高温性好。

Based on the tissue culture, the effect of N-phenyl-N＇-1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-ylurea, 6- benzyla minoprine（6-BA） and 1-Naphthylacetic acid on spore germination, protonema develop- ment and bud differentiation in Entodon challenged was investigated in this paper. The whole process was observed and taken pictures. The results show that TDZ, 6-BA and NAA have no significant effect on the spore germination. During the process of protonema development, 1.0 mg/L NAA can promote the primary development of protonema significantly, and 0.4 mg/L TDZ promotes branches formation in inter- mediate stage of the protonema development.

：研究了3种植物生长调节剂苯基噻二唑基脲、6-苄基腺嘌呤（6-BA）、萘乙酸对密叶绢藓孢子萌发、原丝体发育及芽体发生的影响，并对整个发育过程进行了显微观察和照相，结果表明：（1）3种植物生长调节剂对密叶绢藓孢子萌发影响不显著；（2）在原丝体发育阶段，1.0mg／LNAA对原丝体初期的发育促进效果显著，0.4mg／LTDZ对原丝体发育中期分枝的形成促进效果显著，6。

LjLOB1 and LjLOB3 co-express on the base of leaflets and probably set up the boundary between leaflets and rachis.

LjLOB1和LjLOB3在小叶基部表达可能参与小叶原基和叶轴的边界确立。

The traits of dedifferentiation and redifferentiation of the explants form H. sampsonii show that the calli the stem and leaf usually form buds at its parietal cells. In the presence of auxin, the parenchyma of the leaf gap at the node is initiated firstly, then, develops blastemata that form buds in a cluster on the node without callus. These show that the various parts ofthe herb differ greatly in cell initiation and organ differentiation.

研究元宝草外植体的脱分化和再分化的特点结果表明，茎段和叶片启动形成愈伤组织，其不定芽通常发生在愈伤组织的周边区，茎节叶腋的叶隙薄壁组织在激素的诱导下启动、分裂，不形成愈伤组织而直接器官分化成芽原基，并在节结处产生一圈成簇的不定芽，表明元宝草不同部位的细胞启动及器官分化调控存在差异。

The light stimulus is perceived by the leaves and in some unknown way transmitted to the floral apices.

叶感受光刺激后，以某些未知的途径传递给花原基。

The number of leaf primordia was affected by both genotype and environment, while the numbers of bracteal, spikelet and floret primordia were affected mainly by environmental factors.

以平均热间距来衡量，适期播种处理的叶片、苞叶和小穗原基分化速率最高；而小花原基数与小花分化持续期之间的数量关系最为密切。

Based on relative literatures,this part has included five resesearch aspects as below.1 Fifteen compounds were isolated and purified by extraction,column chromatography,and their structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis: acteoside(Ⅰ-1),isoacteoside(Ⅰ-2),crenatoside(Ⅰ-3),cistanoside F(Ⅰ-4),sinapoyl-4-O-β-D-glucoside(Ⅰ-5),adenosine(Ⅰ-6),β-siterol(Ⅰ-7),oleanic acid(Ⅰ-8), succinic acid(Ⅰ-9),caffeic acid(Ⅰ-10),protocatechuic aldehyde(Ⅰ-11),p-hydro xybenzyl alcohol(Ⅰ-12),β-daucosterol(Ⅰ-13),D-galacitol(Ⅰ-14),D-mannitol(Ⅰ-15).Ⅰ-4～15 were obtained from this plant for the first time,andⅠ-6,7,9,and 13 were isolated from Orobanche genus for the first time.2 The scavenging test of DPPH showed that most compounds have comparative antioxidant activity as L-ascorbic acid and part of them show better activity such as the O.coerulescens extract and phenylethanoid glycosides.Acteoside showed potent free radical scavenging effects with a median inhibition concentration of 25.6μg/ml.3 The anti-HBV activities of acteoside,isoacteoside and crenatoside were measured,and all of them showed suppressive activity on the expression of HBsAg and HBeAg in the HepG2.2.15 cell line.

本论文在文献调研基础上对紫花列当化学成分及生物活性进行了研究，并从免疫抗病毒角度探讨紫花列当中特征性成分类叶升麻苷的肝保护作用及其机制。1采用大孔树脂、硅胶和Sephadex LH-20等色谱技术对紫花列当进行系统的植物化学研究，从中分离得到19个化合物，利用UV和NMR等波谱手段及理化性质鉴定了其中的15个化合物，分别为类叶升麻苷(Ⅰ-1)、异类叶升麻苷(Ⅰ-2)、crenatoside(Ⅰ-3)、cistanoside F(Ⅰ-4)、sinapoyl-4-O-β-D-glucoside(Ⅰ-5)、腺苷(Ⅰ-6)、β-谷甾醇(Ⅰ-7)、齐墩果酸(Ⅰ-8)、琥珀酸(Ⅰ-9)、咖啡酸(Ⅰ-10)、原儿茶醛(Ⅰ-11)、对羟甲基苯甲酸(Ⅰ-12)、β-胡萝卜苷(Ⅰ-13)、D-半乳糖醇(Ⅰ-14)和甘露醇(Ⅰ-15除化合物Ⅰ-1、Ⅰ-2和Ⅰ-3外，其余化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。2)通过大孔树脂富集该药材有效部位苯乙醇总苷，并采用HPLC测得其所含特征性成分类叶升麻苷的含量可达80%以上。3DPPH自由基清除试验显示紫花列当提取物及其所含的苯乙醇苷类化合物均具有较好的抗氧化能力，其清除DPPH自由基能力接近于抗坏血酸。4采用卡介苗整体致敏、脂多糖离体攻击构建大鼠原代肝细胞免疫性损伤模型，在体外观察类叶升麻苷的保肝作用。

CaMK was mainly accumulated in vascular bundle sheath cells of leaves and highly expressed in lateral root primordia and root tips. But the kinase was under detectable in other regions.

在营养器官中钙调素激酶主要分布于叶的维管束鞘细胞、侧根原基和根尖等部位，而其它部位没有检测到明显的分布。

The top of tumour-body formed shoot apex from bud primordium, and differentiated growing point, leaf primordium.

瘤状体顶端由芽原基形成苗端，分化出生长点、原基、叶和腋芽原基。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。