史料

Taking the Chinese films development course of time as the longitudinal axle, this essay discuss the characteristics and varieties of the photoplay view and its creation practice of Chinese Films in different age. The discussion focused on the characteristics and development countermeasure of photoplay view and its creation practice of Chinese films in new age by analyzing the classic cases. This essay used such methors like historical materials arrangement, induction and comparison during the discussion. Thus conclusions are drawn as follows: In order to guide the Chinese films towards the world, we must carry forward national films vigorously. So the traditional photoplay views, which pay attention to audiences and meeting the aesthetic habits and appreciating ways, should not be abandoned.

本文运用史料整理、归纳、比较等方法，以时间上的电影发展历程为纵轴，探讨不同时期中国电影影戏观及其创作实践的特点及变化，重点通过经典案例探讨新时期中国电影影戏观创作实践的特点与发展对策，从而得出以下结论：要让中国电影走向世界，必须弘扬民族电影，因而重视观众、适应中国观众审美习惯与欣赏方式的传统影戏观在电影实践中仍不能丢弃。

Based on sufficient historical data,this paper,from the perspectives of the Japanese diplomatic envoys,gives a detailed account of such social realities in shanghai after the Second Opium War as refugee rushes,Opium desasters and foreign religion preachment

本文以详实的史料为依据，从日本幕府使团的独特视角，对第二次鸦片战争后的上海难民如潮、鸦片泛滥、洋教传播等方面的真实情景作了详细考述。

The author tries to reveal the special role played by Guangdong province, such as the sanctuary of the missionary, the forward position of preachment and the backward basement and command post, through exploring the characteristics of activities of the Catholicism in Guangdong and prohibition policies established by the local government from catholic literature, file material and local historical data.

作者将依据教内文献、档案材料和地方史料，通过对广东在禁教时期所扮演的传教士避难所、传教活动的前沿阵地、后方基地及指挥所的特殊角色进行分析，力求从另一个角度去审视地处沿海的广东在全国天主教传播过程中所起的独特作用。

This article is comprised of five chapters: the first chapter is the prodrome, briefly outlined the reason why to select this topic, the literature summary as well as the explanation of historical data and the time.

全文由五章构成：第一章为绪论部分，简要介绍本文的选题缘起、文献综述以及对史料与方法的说明。

From 1949 to 1978, on the background of punchy conformity, society alteration and society mobilization with a big scale, all kinds of open activities about country religion stopped in succession.

导言。从相关论题研究的现状及成果出发，讨论了本文写作的缘起和研究的意义，介绍了本文所借鉴的理论与相关的研究方法，对本文赖以展开的民间文献、档案文献和口述史料，也作了简要的说明。

Ranke was influenced by natural science then and there and inherited prior historians' excellenct traditions of paying attention to criticize historical data in the process of composition.

在十九世纪形成于德国的以兰克为代表的实证主义史学是受当时自然科学的影响并且继承了以往历史学家在历史写作中注重史料批判的优良传统。

the Historiography of Ranke, what essentially happened, the Chinese historiography

在西方史学史上，提到历史学的科学性，首先想到的就是兰克所倡导的史料考订方法及客观的叙述笔调。1824年

As a result, it is very necessary to reexamine the documents that have been neglected.

因此，对许多旧有的却被忽视的史料做重新审视的工作，就显得尤为必要。

The historical value of the regular collection over time and is growing.

收藏品的史料价值经常随时间的推移而日益增加。

ShiHua are primarily opuses to discuss the literature. They preserved large amount of historical evidence regarding the creation, traveling, singing and responsory by female poets and exchange with male poets in Qing Dynasty.

诗话首先是一部讨论文学的作品，为清代女性创作、交游、唱和，以及清代女诗人与男性文人的互动保留了大量的史料。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。