史料

Basing himself mainly on the materials in Zuozhuan, the author has rejected the previous scholars" opinion that the faith in Tian had been shaken and spoiled in this time period as the product of garbing according to their instant need, he states that, they had not given up the worship of the god of Tian, that the declaration of satisfying the god of Tian with moral deeds gradually became the prevailing ideology and greatly influenced the later generations including the Spring and Autumn Period, and that owing to the domination of Tian over people"s life, undoubtedly, some people or groups who were conceived wrong received penalties from the god of Tian, the will of which became the ultimate ground of crime in this period.

由于人们相信天主宰人间的一切，奖善罚恶，人们只有通过德行才能获得天的眷顾，所以，人们相信，那些严重违反德之人或集团理所当然地应该受到天之处罚。换言之，多数人对此确信无疑的时候，天意就成为刑罚的根据。为了避免以推理代替论证，本文利用《左传》中的史料进行了论证。我们在讨论犯罪以及刑罚根据的时候，犯罪及受到刑罚处罚者往往是卑者。德，根据前面的论述，是相互的。比如，父慈子孝，君信臣共。

Coverage of the Collection of Local Gazettes of Hainan Province extends from the Song dynasty to 1949. The collection includes interviews, official histories and historical data of islands, states, prefectures, towns and even villages pertaining to Hainan. More than 70 local gazettes are gathered in this work.

辑录了至今所能搜集到的自宋代《海外四州》至新中国成立前的府志、州志、县志、乡土志、采访录，以及南海诸岛的若干历史资料；正史中涉及海南地方的史料及8种《广东通志》中的琼州府部分也录出列入，总共70余种，达1500万字。

There are commercial and artistic risks to hewing so closely to the record.

要如此贴近史料，必然会有商业和艺术风险。

In this paper, based on the theory of history course resource and by using traditional researching methods of "testifying history by arts""bilateral connection of arts and history", the way to construct the teaching model by combination of liberal arts and history, to analyze the literature in junior high school Chinese course (including Chinese textbooks, after school reading books and recommended masterpiece at home and abroad) to enrich the history teaching by inosculating the literature content in junior high school Chinese lesson into history teaching were explored in order to realize the resource sharing in the Chinese and history teaching and to achieve the state of "testifying history by the help of arts""explaining the arts by the help of history" and " inosculating arts into history".

本研究尝试根据历史课程资源理论和传统的&以文证史&、&文史互通&的史学研究方法，探索在初中历史教学实践中构建文史综合的教学模式，研究如何从课程资源的角度解读中学语文课程（包括语文教材、课外读本和推荐阅读中外名著）中的文学作品，将中学语文课程中的文学作品作为不可或缺的实证史料充实进历史课程，融入历史教学，实现初中历史与语文课程的资源共享，做到&以文证史&、&以史释文&、&融文入史&。

The recovery of Chinese Buddhist music research began in 1980s, during this period more and more music scholars began to concern with the Buddhist music activities in the country and made fieldwork, record, notated and transcribed the music.

如胡耀的《佛教与音乐艺术》（1992），韩军的《五台山佛教音乐》（1993），尼树仁的《中州佛教音乐研究》（1994），田青的《中国宗教音乐》（1997），袁静芳的《中国佛教京音乐研究》（1997）、《中国汉传佛教音乐》（2004），王昆吾、何剑平的《汉文佛经中的音乐史料》（2002），杨民康的《贝叶礼赞》（2003），等等。

Thisarticle through the massive collection, reorganizes this local correlation historical data in thefoundation, unifies certainly certainly "the field investigation" the work, has made a more thoroughanalysis and the research to the Suiyuan area opium calamity, draws following conclusion:According to the extrapolation Daoguang Dynasty, the opium already trafficked into pacifies; Saltyin the same year, the opium takes root turns over to pacify; Salty with after, turns over to pacifylocal the opium planter to increase steadily.

本文通过大量搜集、整理本地区相关史料的基础上，结合一定的&田野调查&工作，对绥远地区的鸦片烟祸作了较为深入的分析和研究，得出以下结论：据推测道光年间，鸦片已经贩运入绥；咸同年间，鸦片扎根归绥；咸同之后，归绥地区的鸦片种植有增无减。

This research mainly analyses documents and rearranges information about the district's history, plus interviews of local elders and administrative officers, to investigate this area's development.

本文主要透过文献分析与搜集对当地的发展史料进行整理，进一步辅以地方耆老与地方行政人员的访谈来加以补充，以对此一区块的当下发展加以探究。

Great amount of materials about legal history came in sight such as the Codes of the Qin Dynasty excavated in Shuihudi,the Codes of the Han Dynasty in Zhangjiashan,13 Pieces about Observing Laws and Rules etc.in Yinque Mount,the silk book Huang Di Si Jing and Zhou Yi in Mawangdui,and Confucian and Tao literature in Guodian,and other ancient lost books.The reemerging of the codes and literature concerning legal thoughts provides a reliable basis and broad space for rewriting the legal history of China.

出土文献中大量的法律史料，如：睡虎地出土的《秦律》、张家山出土的《汉律》、银雀山出土的《守法守令等十三篇》、马王堆出土的帛书《黄帝四经》与《周易》、郭店出土的儒家与道家文献以及其它古佚书，等等，使久已失传的律典及法律思想方面的文献得以重现，为改写中国法律史提供了可靠的依据和广阔的空间。

In the 1970s,influenced by the feminis t movement,the new social history,post-modernism and other academic t rends,researchers focussed their a ttention on the study of theshe historyand crowned it with quick success.

美国西部妇女史近半个世纪的探索与妇女研究发展轨迹相当。70年代受女性主义运动及新社会史、后现代主义等学术思潮的影响，研究者们致力于&她史&，使得该研究得到了迅速的发展。80年代以后，女性研究的焦点转入社会性别理论，西部妇女史的研究中也广泛采用这一分析范畴，同时强调西部妇女多元文化的历史背景。90年代以来，随着理论的不断深化和史料的丰富，该研究从微观上强调西部妇女的族裔、文化、阶级、职业等的差异，从宏观上强调全新意义上的&两性史&，即要求在一个新的历史基准体系之下对各种妇女群体作出价值评估，并将妇女的历史编入西部历史之中。

Volume 1 introduces the history of accordion , Volume 2 is about the preliminary spread of accordion in China . I dug into great amount of concerning historical data of four aspects, they are the early accordion textbooks, the accordion activities happened in Shanghai, Haerbin and Yanan, which veritably resurges the development of accordion art in China before 1949. Volume 3 reveals the development of Chinese accordion art from after 1949, I focused on five aspects, namely the production, education, performance, theoretical study and communication between China and foreign counties, in time order. This part comprehensively shows the plenty fruits of accordion art in around 50 years after the foundation of China. Volume 4 mainly concerns the development of Chinese accordion music composing. It reviews the history in four periods. Meanwhile, this part also analyses in detail the nationalization pursuit and the utilization of performance skills in composing.

第一章是对&手风琴历史源流&的介绍；第二章是&中国最初的手风琴艺术传播&，本人挖掘出大量的相关史料，从&早期的中国手风琴教科书、上海、哈尔滨和延安的手风琴活动&四个方面进行了研究，真实地再现了1949年以前的中国手风琴艺术发展；第三章是&新中国成立以来的手风琴艺术发展&，分别从&乐器制造、手风琴教育、表演、理论研究与中外交流&五个方面按时间顺序进行了论述，全面反映了手风琴艺术在新中国成立后50余年所取得的丰硕成果；第四章是&中国手风琴音乐创作的发展&，论文将手风琴音乐创作分为四个时期进行了历史的回顾，并对创作中的民族化追求以及手风琴演奏技巧在创作中的运用作了具体分析。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。