台阶

FOR THIS REASON, I wouldn't like to ask MY HUSBAND FOR a lift(也可用美语:ASK FOR A RIDE) except when he rides HIS BIKE.

而且，车就停在办公楼台阶处，我身边的车门朝向台阶，以便于我能够一步迈上台阶！

By a recent decretal an indulgence had been promised by the pope to all who should ascend upon their knees "Pilate's staircase," said to have been descended by our Saviour on leaving the Roman judgment hall and to have been miraculously conveyed from Jerusalem to Rome.

由于新近颁布的御旨，教皇应许凡是双膝下跪攀登"彼拉多台阶"的人，他们的罪都可以赦免；据说，这个台阶就是从前救主离开罗马巡抚审判厅的时候所走过的台阶，后来是以神奇的方式从耶路撒冷运到罗马来的。

One is at low growth temperature, the origin of mound formation can be attributed to an intrinsic growth instability of a singular surface in the presence of so-called Ehrlich-Schwoebel step-edge barrier, which inhibit the downward movement of adatoms at surface step-edges. The other is at high temperature, or at low Ⅴ/Ⅲ ratio, the reason of mound formation is related to phosphorus deficiency.

其主要原因有两种，第一种是生长温度较低时，由于吸附原子受到附加的ES台阶边垒的阻碍作用，使扩散运动不能向台阶下面运动，而在台阶上面形成小丘，第二种是生长温度较高或Ⅴ/Ⅲ较低时，因生长中缺磷造成In的堆积而产生。

We found that during the growth process the double steps first grow separately and the connected by short bridge before tangential growth. After eighth or ninth layer the spiral steps would merge into intact elliptic layers. At the merging point right-handed spiral sources might appear but the left ones always overgrow it which made the whole growth topography looked like left-handed apparently. It indicated that the EAFP molecules has strong ability to adjust itself to adapt the environment. 5. Through various analysis of interactions in the EAFP crystals it indicated that there were 218 residue interactions between 12 symmetry-related EAFP molecules around one EAFP molecule, 18 strong ones and 72 weak ones .

EAFP在低过饱和度下的螺旋生长过程中会出现台阶的合并，从而表现出单-双的螺旋台阶，在小范围扫描中捕获到了这种现象，使得对螺旋生长台阶的合并过程有了更加深入的认识；并且台阶的生长受到沿晶体学b轴方向上的21螺旋对称的控制；当台阶生长至第八到第九层时，螺旋台阶会自动地形成完整的生长层，这充分说明了EAFP分子或分子簇具有良好的自身调节能力，这样在晶体生长过程中，晶体的缺陷减少，晶体质量提高，这也可说明EAFP晶体的x射线衍射能力很强的原因。

This project was established based on the first cooperative development of optical in situ real time detecting technique probing the atomic scale layer-by-layer epitaxy growth of oxide film. Over the last three years, we have given full play to the advantages and characteristics of both sides and have finished the assumptions and plans of this subject satisfactorily. 1. In Institute of Physics, we set up advanced oblique-incidence reflectivity difference equipment and wrote one data acquisition procedure that made the simultaneous detection of optical signal and RHEED signal into reality. 2. The first observation of sustained oscillations over hundreds of monolayers in both real and imaginary signals during the epitaxy growth of SrNb0.1Ti0.9O3 on SrTiO3 substrate in LMBE testifies that oblique-incidence is an excellent method to detect and monitor film epitaxy growth real time. 3. For the first time, we verify that oblique-incidence reflectivity difference method can be used to monitor the layer-by-layer growth mode during continuous growth through the correspondence between optical signals to atomic or molecular step edge density on the growth surface. 4. Phenomenological analysis shows that optical signals comprise three parts, the first is proportional to the average thickness of the film and depends on the bulk phase dielectric response; the second is proportional to the coverage of terraces and depends on the dielectric response of atoms or unit cells in the terrace; the third is proportional to the coverage of step edges and depends on the effective dielectric response of atoms or unit cells at step edges. This makes oblique-incident reflectivity difference technique a quantitative macroscopic method to monitor film growth.

中文摘要：本课题是在合作首次发展了氧化物薄膜原子尺度层状外延生长光学原位实时探测方法的基础上立项的，三年来，我们充分发挥双方的优势和特点，圆满完成了课题的设想和计划。1、在物理所建立了一套先进的光反射差法装置，编写了计算机系统的数据采集程序，实现了两路光学信号和RHEED数据的同步采集和显示。2、用激光分子束外延在SrTiO3基底上生长SrNb0.1Ti0.9O3薄膜，首次观测到连续外延几百个原胞层，周期振荡的光反射差实部和虚部信号，证明了光反射差法是一种能原位实时探测与监控薄膜层状外延生长的好方法。3、首次验证了通过对生长表面原子或分子台阶密度的响应，光反射差法可用于原位实时监测在连续生长条件下薄膜的层式生长模式。4、通过唯象理论的研究，证明光反射差信号由三项组成，第一项只与薄膜的平均厚度和宏观光学电介质常数有关；第二项与分子台阶面覆盖度和台阶面上分子层的光学电介质常数有关；第三项与台阶边缘的覆盖度成正比，并和在台阶边缘的分子的有效光学介电常数有关。

Use vernier caliper to measure Stair step's height, measure the maximum value as the step's height.

台阶用游标卡尺测量台阶的高度，测量最大值作为台阶的高度。

The paper introduces the construction and support situation of the substep drivage method at the drivage face under the big thickness change etc.

介绍了祁东煤矿在煤层厚度变化大等复杂条件下的掘进工作面应用分台阶掘进法施工及支护情况，包括应用背景、支护参数确定、分台阶掘进法简介、施工工艺及实验手段、分台阶掘进法使用后对工程质量采取的措施、分台阶掘进法使用前后比较、应用比较，应用效果等。

It includes: the application background,the determination of support parameters,the synopsis of substep drivage method,the construction craft and experimental method,the adopting measures to the project quality after using the substep drivage method,the frond and back application of the supstep drivage method,the useful effect etc.

介绍了祁东煤矿在煤层厚度变化大等复杂条件下的掘进工作面应用分台阶掘进法施工及支护情况，包括应用背景、支护参数确定、分台阶掘进法简介、施工工艺及实验手段、分台阶掘进法使用后对工程质量采取的措施、分台阶掘进法使用前后比较、应用比较，应用效果等。

The different degrees on measurement caused by different factors (such as the intersectant degree between the axis and the edge of the step, distance between the axis and the step and the width of the step) are compared in detail.

并对各种因素(如台阶与光轴的夹角、台阶与光轴的距离及台阶厚度等)的影响程度作了详细的对比，获得了测量系统扩展函数实验布局的指导原则。

In this paper, some improvements have been made on the traditional gradient interpretation methods for the two-dimensional fault gravity anomalies:① The least squares fitting technique is adopted to figure out the dip angleαof the step;② The dip angle and the horizontal boundary of the step are directly used to calculate the burial depth of the step;③ the interpretation method for gravity two-dimensional gradient is extended to the interpretation of the complex fault model.

摘要对以往的二维断裂重力异常的梯度解释方法作了几点改进：①采用最小二乘拟合方法求取台阶倾角α；②直接利用台阶倾角与台阶的水平边界位置来计算台阶的埋深；③将重力二维梯度解释方法推广到复杂断裂模型的解释。

As she looked at Warrington's manly face, and dark, melancholy eyes, she had settled in her mind that he must have been the victim of an unhappy attachment.

每逢看到沃林顿那刚毅的脸，那乌黑、忧郁的眼睛，她便会相信，他一定作过不幸的爱情的受害者。

Maybe they'll disappear into a pothole.

也许他们将在壶穴里消失